Threatened Species Conservation Regulation 2002

Part 1 Preliminary

1 Name of Regulation

This Regulation is the Threatened Species Conservation Regulation 2002.

2 Commencement

This Regulation commences on 1 January 2003.

3 Definitions

(1)  In this Regulation:

designated officer means:

(a)  an officer or employee of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, or

(b)  a person who is authorised by the Director-General to exercise the powers conferred on a designated officer by this Regulation, or

(c)  a police officer.

the Act means the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.

(2)  A person who, immediately before the commencement of the Threatened Species Conservation Amendment (Wollemi Pine) Regulation 2007, was authorised by the Director-General to exercise the powers conferred on an authorised officer by this Regulation is taken, on that commencement, to be authorised to exercise the powers conferred on a designated officer by this Regulation.

cl 3: Am 2007 (94), Sch 1 [1] [2]; 2010 (348), Sch 1 [1].

4 Notes

The notes in the text of this Regulation do not form part of this Regulation.

Part 2 Little Penguin critical habitat

5 Definitions

In this Part:

Little Penguin breeding season means the period from 1 July in any year until 28 February in the following year (both dates inclusive).

Little Penguin critical habitat means the area of land declared to be the critical habitat of the endangered population of Little Penguin at North Sydney Harbour, as described in the notification published in the Gazette under section 47 of the Act (as amended from time to time under section 49 of the Act).

Editorial note—

See Gazette No 263 of 20.12.2002, p 10983 for declaration of critical habitat for the Endangered Little Penguin Population at Manly.

Little Penguin critical habitat area A means the area marked A on the Little Penguin critical habitat map.

Little Penguin critical habitat area B means the area marked B on the Little Penguin critical habitat map.

Little Penguin critical habitat map means the map showing the location of the Little Penguin critical habitat, as published in the Gazette under section 53 of the Act.

6 Application of Part

This Part does not have effect until the notification referred to in the definition of Little Penguin critical habitat, and the Little Penguin critical habitat map, are published in the Gazette.

7 Companion animals prohibited

(1)  A person must not bring a companion animal into the Little Penguin critical habitat.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(2)  If a companion animal is found in the Little Penguin critical habitat:

(a)  the owner of the companion animal, or

(b)  if the owner is not present at the time of the offence and another person who is of or above the age of 16 years is in charge of the companion animal at that time, that other person,

is guilty of an offence.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(3)  In any prosecution for an offence against this clause it is a defence if the defendant establishes that the relevant companion animal is an assistance animal that was being used by a person with a disability (within the meaning of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 of the Commonwealth).

(4)  In any prosecution of the owner of a companion animal for an offence against this clause it is a defence if the defendant establishes that:

(a)  another owner of the animal has been convicted of an offence arising out of the same circumstances, or

(b)  the commission by another owner of the animal of an offence arising out of the same circumstances has been proved but a court has made an order under section 10 of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 in respect of the offence, or

(c)  the offence could not have been avoided by any reasonable efforts on the defendant’s part.

(5)  In this clause:

assistance animal means an animal referred to in section 9 of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 of the Commonwealth.

Note—

That section refers to a guide dog, a dog trained to assist a person in activities where hearing is required and any other animal trained to assist a person to alleviate the effect of a disability.

companion animal and owner of a companion animal have the same meaning as in the Companion Animals Act 1998.

cl 7: Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

7A Anchoring, mooring and access by vessels

(1)  A person must not:

(a)  anchor or moor a vessel in the Little Penguin critical habitat area A during the Little Penguin breeding season, or

(b)  anchor or moor a vessel outside the Little Penguin critical habitat area A during the Little Penguin breeding season in such a way that the anchored or moored vessel enters the Little Penguin critical habitat area A, or

(c)  cause a vessel (other than a non-motorised tender) to enter or remain in the Little Penguin critical habitat area A between sunset and sunrise during the Little Penguin breeding season.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(2)  In this clause:

moor a vessel includes attach a vessel to a mooring by any means.

mooring means any post, stake, pile, float, pontoon or any other object (other than the anchor of a vessel) secured by any direct or indirect means to the waters’ bed or placed on the waters’ bed for the purpose of attaching a vessel to the bed.

tender has the same meaning as it has in the Boating (Safety Equipment) Regulation—N.S.W.

vessel includes a water craft of any description used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water, including:

(a)  any non-displacement craft, and

(b)  a seaplane, but only while it is on water.

cl 7A: Ins 30.5.2003. Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

8 Fishing

(1)  A person must not take or attempt to take fish from the Little Penguin critical habitat between sunset and sunrise during the Little Penguin breeding season.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(2)  In this clause, take fish has the same meaning as in section 4 (1) of the Fisheries Management Act 1994.

cll 8–10: Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

9 Interference with burrows or nests

A person must not interfere with a burrow or nesting box in the Little Penguin critical habitat.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

Note—

Section 118C of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 also provides that a person must not, by an act or an omission, do anything that causes damage to any critical habitat. The maximum penalty for a contravention is 2,000 penalty units or imprisonment for 2 years or both.

cll 8–10: Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

10 Interference with penguins

(1)  A person must not knowingly be within 5 metres of a Little Penguin while that penguin is on land in the Little Penguin critical habitat.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(2)  A person must not knowingly disturb a Little Penguin in the Little Penguin critical habitat if the bird is moulting.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(3)  In this clause, disturb a Little Penguin includes shining a light on the penguin.

cll 8–10: Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

11 Directions given by a designated officer

(1)  If a designated officer is of the opinion that a person is contravening this Part or disturbing a Little Penguin’s breeding or moulting activities, or is likely to do so, the officer may make one or more of the following directions:

(a)  direct the person to cease a particular activity within the Little Penguin critical habitat,

(b)  direct the person to leave the Little Penguin critical habitat.

(2)  A person must not, without reasonable excuse, fail to comply with a direction given under subclause (1).

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(3)  A person is not guilty of an offence of failing or refusing to comply with a direction given under subclause (1) unless it is established that the designated officer:

(a)  warned the person that a failure or refusal to comply with the direction is an offence, and

(b)  identified himself or herself as a designated officer.

cl 11: Am 2007 (94), Sch 1 [3]–[5]; 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

11A Removal of persons who fail to comply with a direction

A designated officer may remove from the Little Penguin critical habitat, or any part of it, any person who fails to comply with a direction under clause 11 and any vehicle, vessel, animal or other property in the possession of the person.

cl 11A: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [6].

12 Defences

It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against this Part if the defendant proves that the act constituting the offence:

(a)  was authorised to be done, and was done in accordance with, a licence granted under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 or under Part 6 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, or

(b)  was the subject of a certificate issued under section 95 (2) of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, or

(c)  was essential for the carrying out of:

(i)  development in accordance with a development consent within the meaning of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979, or

(ii)  an activity, whether by a determining authority or pursuant to an approval of a determining authority within the meaning of Part 5 of that Act, if the determining authority has complied with that Part, or

(d)  was authorised to be done by or under Part 2 of the Rural Fires Act 1997, the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 or the State Emergency Service Act 1989 and was reasonably necessary in order to avoid a threat to life or property, or

(e)  was carried out:

(i)  by an officer or employee of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water in the exercise of his or her functions as such an officer or employee, or

(ii)  by a designated officer in the exercise of his or her functions as such an officer, or

(iii)  by an officer or employee of Manly Council, the Department of Industry and Investment or the Maritime Authority of NSW in the exercise of his or her monitoring or enforcement functions as such an officer or employee, or

(iv)  with the consent of the Director-General given (either unconditionally or subject to conditions) in the form of a licence, permit, approval or other form of written authorisation.

cl 12: Am 2007 (94), Sch 1 [7]–[11]; 2010 (348), Sch 1 [1]; 2010 No 59, Sch 2.99.

Part 2A Wollemi Pine critical habitat

pt 2A: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12].

12A Definitions

In this Part:

damage to the Wollemi Pine critical habitat includes:

(a)  picking any plant within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, and

(b)  clearing or removing any vegetation (whether or not living) within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, and

(c)  harming any animal within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, and

(d)  introducing, or causing the spread of, Phytophthora cinnamomi within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat.

harm an animal includes hunt, shoot, poison, net, snare, spear, pursue, capture, trap, injure or kill, but does not include harm by changing the habitat of an animal.

pick a plant means gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, poison, take, dig up, remove or injure the plant or any part of the plant.

Wollemi Pine critical habitat means any area of land declared by the Minister to be the critical habitat of the endangered species Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine), by notification published in the Gazette under section 47 of the Act (as amended from time to time under section 49 of the Act).

cll 12A: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12].

12B Application and operation of Part

(1)  This Part does not have effect until the notification referred to in the definition of Wollemi Pine critical habitat is published in the Gazette.

(2)  Nothing in this Part affects the operation of Part 2 of the National Parks and Wildlife Regulation 2002.

Note—

For example, under Divisions 1 and 3 of Part 2 of the National Parks and Wildlife Regulation 2002, a park authority may regulate the use and closure of a national park by means of a public notice, a written notice or an oral direction and an authorised officer may remove a person from a national park in certain circumstances.

cll 12B: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12].

12C Closure of Wollemi Pine critical habitat by public notice

(1)  The Director-General may close the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or any part of it, to the public by means of a notice displayed in, or at the boundary of, the Wollemi Pine critical habitat or the part of it to which the notice relates.

(2)  The notice may close the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or any part of it, to the public at all times or during specified times.

(3)  A person must not:

(a)  enter the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or the part of it, when it is closed to the public in accordance with this clause, or

(b)  remain, or leave a vehicle parked, in the Wollemi Pine critical habitat or any part of it when it is closed to the public in accordance with this clause.

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

cl 12C: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12]. Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

12D Closure of Wollemi Pine critical habitat by order

(1)  The Director-General may, by order in writing, close to the public the Wollemi Pine critical habitat or any part of it.

(2)  The order may close the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or any part of it, to the public at all times or during specified times.

Note—

The Director-General may decide not to disclose the location of critical habitat to the public under section 146 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. This clause gives the Director-General an alternative means of closing the critical habitat without disclosing the location of the critical habitat to the public.

cl 12D: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12].

12E Directions given by a designated officer

(1)  If the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or any part of it, is closed to the public in accordance with clause 12C or 12D, a designated officer may direct a person to leave the area that is closed to the public.

(2)  If a designated officer is of the opinion that a person is contravening this Part or causing damage to the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or is likely to do so, the officer may make one or more of the following directions:

(a)  direct the person to cease a particular activity within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat,

(b)  direct the person to modify a particular activity within the Wollemi Pine critical habitat so as to avoid any damage or likelihood of damage to the Wollemi Pine critical habitat,

(c)  direct the person to leave the Wollemi Pine critical habitat.

(3)  A person must not, without reasonable excuse, fail or refuse to comply with a direction given under subclause (1) or (2).

Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units.

(4)  A person is not guilty of an offence of failing or refusing to comply with a direction given under subclause (1) or (2) unless it is established that the designated officer:

(a)  warned the person that a failure or refusal to comply with the direction is an offence, and

(b)  identified himself or herself to the person as a designated officer.

cl 12E: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12]. Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [2].

12F Removal of persons who fail to comply with a direction

A designated officer may remove from the Wollemi Pine critical habitat, or any part of it, any person who fails or refuses to comply with a direction under clause 12E and any vehicle, animal or other property in the possession of the person.

12G Defences

It is a defence to a prosecution for an offence against this Part if the defendant proves that the act constituting the offence:

(a)  was authorised to be done, and was done in accordance with, a licence granted under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 or under Part 6 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, or

(b)  was the subject of a certificate issued under section 95 (2) of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, or

(c)  was authorised to be done by or under Part 2 of the Rural Fires Act 1997, the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989 or the State Emergency Service Act 1989 and was reasonably necessary in order to avoid a threat to life or property, or

(d)  was carried out:

(i)  by an officer or employee of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water in the exercise of his or her functions as such an officer or employee, or

(ii)  by a designated officer in the exercise of his or her functions as such an officer, or

(iii)  with the consent of the Director-General given (either unconditionally or subject to conditions) in the form of a licence, permit, approval or other form of written authorisation.

cl 12G: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [12]. Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [1].

Part 3 Listing criteria

Note—

This Part prescribes the criteria for a determination by the Scientific Committee of the matters required to establish eligibility for listing in accordance with Part 2 of the Act:

(a)  of a species as a critically endangered species, endangered species or vulnerable species (see Division 1), or

(b)  of a population as an endangered population (see Division 2), or

(c)  of an ecological community as a critically endangered ecological community, endangered ecological community or vulnerable ecological community (see Division 3).

Division 4 provides for the interpretation and application of the prescribed criteria.

Division 1 Criteria for listing of species

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

13 Criteria for listing determinations by Scientific Committee

(1) Critically endangered species For the purposes of section 10 (2) of the Act, a species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the immediate future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for critically endangered species in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

(2) Endangered species For the purposes of section 10 (3) of the Act, a species is facing a very high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the near future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for endangered species in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

(3) Vulnerable species For the purposes of section 10 (4) of the Act, a species is facing a high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the medium-term future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for vulnerable species in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

14 Criteria—reduction in population size of species

The species has undergone, is observed, estimated, inferred or reasonably suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo within a time frame appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of the taxon:

(a)  for critically endangered species—a very large reduction in population size, or

(b)  for endangered species—a large reduction in population size, or

(c)  for vulnerable species—a moderate reduction in population size,

based on either:

(d)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(e)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

15 Criteria—restricted geographic distribution of species, and certain other conditions

The geographic distribution of the species is estimated or inferred to be:

(a)  for critically endangered species—very highly restricted, or

(b)  for endangered species—highly restricted, or

(c)  for vulnerable species—moderately restricted,

and either:

(d)  a projected or continuing decline is observed, estimated or inferred in either:

(i)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(ii)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity, or

(e)  at least 2 of the following 3 conditions apply:

(i)  the population or habitat is observed or inferred to be severely fragmented,

(ii)  all or nearly all mature individuals are observed or inferred to occur within a small number of populations or locations,

(iii)  extreme fluctuations are observed or inferred to occur in either:

(A)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(B)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or habitat diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

16 Criteria—low numbers of mature individuals of species, and certain other conditions

The estimated total number of mature individuals of the species is:

(a)  for critically endangered species—very low, or

(b)  for endangered species—low, or

(c)  for vulnerable species—moderately low (that is, not as low as for paragraph (b)),

and either:

(d)  a projected or continuing decline is observed, estimated or inferred in either:

(i)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(ii)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity, or

(e)  at least 2 of the following 3 conditions apply:

(i)  the population or habitat is observed or inferred to be severely fragmented,

(ii)  all or nearly all mature individuals are observed or inferred to occur within a small number of populations or locations,

(iii)  extreme fluctuations are observed or inferred to occur in either:

(A)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(B)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or habitat diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

17 Criteria—low numbers of mature individuals of species

The total number of mature individuals of the species is observed, estimated or inferred to be:

(a)  for critically endangered species—extremely low, or

(b)  for endangered species—very low, or

(c)  for vulnerable species—low.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

18 Criteria—very highly restricted geographic distribution of species

For vulnerable species, the geographic distribution of the species is observed, estimated or inferred to be very highly restricted such that it is prone to the effects of human activities or stochastic events within a very short time period.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

Division 2 Criteria for listing of endangered populations

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

19 Criteria for listing determinations by Scientific Committee

For the purposes of section 11 (1) of the Act, a population is facing a very high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the near future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it satisfies any one or more of the following paragraphs and also meets the criteria specified in one or more of the other clauses in this Division:

(a)  it is disjunct or near the limit of its geographic range,

(b)  it is or is likely to be genetically, morphologically or ecologically distinct,

(c)  it is otherwise of significant conservation value.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

20 Criteria—large reduction in population size

The size of the population has undergone, is observed, estimated, inferred or reasonably suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo within a time frame appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of the taxon a large reduction based on either:

(a)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(b)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

21 Criteria—highly restricted geographic distribution of population, and certain other conditions

The geographic distribution of the population is estimated or inferred to be highly restricted and either:

(a)  a projected or continuing decline is observed, estimated or inferred in either:

(i)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(ii)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity, or

(b)  at least two of the following three conditions apply:

(i)  the population or habitat is observed or inferred to be severely fragmented,

(ii)  all or nearly all mature individuals are observed or inferred to occur within a small number of locations,

(iii)  extreme fluctuations are observed or inferred to occur in either:

(A)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(B)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or habitat diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

22 Criteria—low numbers of mature individuals in population, and certain other conditions

The estimated total number of mature individuals in the population is low and either:

(a)  a projected or continuing decline is observed, estimated or inferred in either:

(i)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(ii)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or diversity, or genetic diversity, or

(b)  at least two of the following three conditions apply:

(i)  the population or habitat is observed or inferred to be severely fragmented,

(ii)  all or nearly all mature individuals are observed or inferred to occur within a small number of locations,

(iii)  extreme fluctuations are observed or inferred to occur in either:

(A)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(B)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or habitat diversity.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

23 Criteria—very low numbers of mature individuals in population

The estimated total number of mature individuals of the population is observed, estimated or inferred to be very low.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

Division 3 Criteria for listing of ecological communities

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

24 Criteria for listing determinations by Scientific Committee

(1) Critically endangered ecological communities For the purposes of section 12 (1) of the Act, an ecological community is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the immediate future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for critically endangered ecological communities in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

(2) Endangered ecological communities For the purposes of section 12 (2) of the Act, an ecological community is facing a very high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the near future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for endangered ecological communities in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

(3) Vulnerable ecological communities For the purposes of section 12 (3) of the Act, an ecological community is facing a high risk of extinction in New South Wales in the medium-term future if, in the opinion of the Scientific Committee, it meets the criteria specified for vulnerable ecological communities in one or more of the other clauses in this Division.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

25 Criteria—reduction in geographic distribution of ecological community

The ecological community has undergone, is observed, estimated, inferred or reasonably suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo within a time span appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of its component species:

(a)  for critically endangered ecological communities—a very large reduction in geographic distribution, or

(b)  for endangered ecological communities—a large reduction in geographic distribution, or

(c)  for vulnerable ecological communities—a moderate reduction in geographic distribution.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

26 Criteria—restricted geographic distribution of ecological community

The ecological community’s geographic distribution is estimated or inferred to be:

(a)  for critically endangered ecological communities— very highly restricted, or

(b)  for endangered ecological communities—highly restricted, or

(c)  for vulnerable ecological communities—moderately restricted,

and the nature of its distribution makes it likely that the action of a threatening process could cause it to decline or degrade in extent or ecological function over a time span appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of the ecological community’s component species.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

27 Criteria—reduction in ecological function of ecological community

The ecological community has undergone, is observed, estimated, inferred or reasonably suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo within a time span appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of its component species:

(a)  for critically endangered ecological communities—a very large reduction in ecological function, or

(b)  for endangered ecological communities—a large reduction in ecological function, or

(c)  for vulnerable ecological communities—a moderate reduction in ecological function,

as indicated by any of the following:

(d)  change in community structure,

(e)  change in species composition,

(f)  disruption of ecological processes,

(g)  invasion and establishment of exotic species,

(h)  degradation of habitat,

(i)  fragmentation of habitat.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

Division 4 Interpretation

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

28 Application of Division

(1)  This Division applies for the purposes of the interpretation and application of the criteria prescribed by this Part (with a note to each provision of this Division specifying which provisions of this Part the provision applies in respect of).

(2)  Use in a provision of this Division of the term “population” does not limit the operation of the provision to Division 2 and use of the term “species” does not limit the operation of a provision to Division 1.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

29 Ecological function

(1)  Ecological function encompasses the ecological processes and interactions that occur within an ecological community.

(2)  Ecological function includes the following:

(a)  provision of habitat for native biota,

(b)  provision of food and other resources for native biota,

(c)  maintenance of interactions between species (for example, pollination, dispersal, mutualism, competition, predation),

(d)  cycling, filtering and retention of nutrients,

(e)  carbon storage or sequestration,

(f)  maintenance of soil processes,

(g)  maintenance of catchment scale hydrological and geochemical processes,

(h)  maintenance of landscape scale ecological processes.

(3)  Some of the processes and interactions within ecological communities may depend upon the presence of non-living components such as leaf litter and fallen or standing dead trees.

Note—

This clause applies in respect of Division 3.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

30 Mature individuals

(1)  Mature individuals are individuals in the wild known, estimated or inferred to be capable of producing viable offspring. The total number of mature individuals excludes individuals that are too young (juvenile), too old (senescent), too moribund (for example, diseased) or otherwise unable to produce viable offspring (for example, due to low population density).

(2)  Special cases:

(a)  In populations with biased sex ratios, it is appropriate to use a lower value for the total number of mature individuals in a way that takes this into account.

(b)  In populations that fluctuate, the number of mature individuals will refer to a minimum number of individuals that are present most of the time (in a time span appropriate to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of the species), and will thus usually be much less than the mean number present.

(c)  In clonal organisms, reproducing units may be regarded as mature individuals, so long as they survive independently of one another. However, if clonally reproduced individuals are more limited in viability or dispersal ability than sexually reproduced individuals, the total number of mature individuals may be reduced accordingly to take this into account.

(d)  For species in which individuals have synchronous dormant life stages, the number of mature individuals should be assessed during, or projected for, a time when mature individuals are available for breeding.

(e)  Re-introduced individuals must have produced viable offspring (after the individuals were re-introduced) before they are counted as mature individuals.

(f)  Captive, cultivated, or artificially maintained individuals cannot be counted as mature individuals.

Note—

This clause applies in respect of Divisions 1 and 2.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

31 Geographic distribution

(1)  Geographic distribution is the area or areas in which a species or ecological community occurs, excluding cases of vagrancy in species.

(2)  This may be assessed by estimating:

(a)  the extent of occurrence (the area of the total geographic range that includes all extant populations of the species or all extant occurrences of the ecological community), or

(b)  the area of occupancy (the area within the total range that is currently occupied by the species or ecological community, that is it excludes unsuitable and unoccupied habitat), or

(c)  the area of suitable habitat (the area within the total range that includes occupied and unoccupied suitable habitat, but excludes unsuitable habitat).

(3)  The scale at which a geographic distribution is assessed should be appropriate to the biology of the species (or component species in ecological communities), the nature of threats and available data.

Note—

This clause applies in respect of Divisions 1, 2 and 3.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

32 Severely fragmented

The population or habitat of a species is severely fragmented if individuals of the species are distributed among subpopulations or patches of habitat that are small and isolated relative to the life cycle and habitat characteristics of the species.

Note—

This clause applies in respect of Divisions 1 and 2.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

33 Extreme fluctuations

Extreme fluctuations occur when the population or distribution of a species varies reversibly, widely and frequently, as:

(a)  indicated by changes in:

(i)  an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon, or

(ii)  geographic distribution, habitat quality or habitat diversity, or

(b)  inferred from the life history or habitat biology of the species.

Note 1—

The cause of fluctuations must be understood or inferred so that they may be distinguished from declines or reductions.

Note 2—

This clause applies in respect of Divisions 1 and 2.

pt 3, divs 1–4 (cll 13–33): Ins 2005 (687), Sch 1.

Part 4 Penalty notices

pt 4: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [13].

34 Penalty notice offences

(1)  For the purposes of section 160 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974:

(a)  each offence created by a provision specified in Column 1 of Schedule 1 is a prescribed offence, and

(b)  the prescribed penalty for such an offence is the amount specified in Column 2 of Schedule 1, and

(c)  each person referred to in subclause (3) is a prescribed person.

(2)  If the reference to a provision in Column 1 of Schedule 1 is qualified by words that restrict its operation to specified kinds of offences or to offences committed in specified circumstances, an offence created by the provision is a prescribed offence only if it is an offence of a kind so specified or is committed in the circumstances so specified.

(3)  For the purposes of section 160 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, the following persons are prescribed persons for all offences referred to in Schedule 1:

(a)  the Director-General,

(b)  any officer or employee of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water,

(c)  any person who is authorised by the Director-General to exercise the powers conferred on a designated officer by this Regulation,

(d)  any police officer,

(e)  any officer or employee of a government department in respect of which an arrangement has been made under section 11 (1) of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974,

(f)  any officer, employee or servant of a statutory corporation or council, or of trustees, in respect of whom or which an arrangement has been made under section 11 (2) or (4) of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974.

cl 34: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [13]. Am 2010 (348), Sch 1 [1].

Schedule 1 Penalty notice offences

(Clause 34)

Column 1	Column 2
Provision	Penalty $
Offences under this Regulation
Clause 7 (1)	$500
Clause 7 (2)	$500
Clause 7A (1)	$500
Clause 8 (1)	$500
Clause 9	$500
Clause 10 (1)	$500
Clause 10 (2)	$500
Clause 11 (2)	$500
Clause 12C (3)	$500
Clause 12E (3)	$500

sch 1: Ins 2007 (94), Sch 1 [13].