An Act to confer additional powers on police officers to stop and search vehicles and to obtain information concerning the identity of drivers of and passengers in or on vehicles used in connection with the commission of certain offences; and for other purposes.
Part 1 Preliminary
1 Name of Act
This Act is the Police Powers (Vehicles) Act 1998.
2 Commencement
This Act commences on a day or days to be appointed by proclamation.
3 Definitions
In this Act:driver includes a person having control over the steering, movement or propulsion of a vehicle and includes a person riding a vehicle.exercise a function includes perform a duty.function includes a power, authority or duty.identity of a person means the name or residential address of the person (or both).owner of a vehicle means the responsible person for the vehicle within the meaning of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999 and includes:(a) a person who is not such an owner but who usually has the care, control and custody of the vehicle, and(b) any other person prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this definition.public place includes:(a) a public place or school within the meaning of the Summary Offences Act 1988, and(b) a road or road related area.road means a road within the meaning of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999 (other than a road that is the subject of a declaration made under section 9 (1) (b) of that Act relating to all of the provisions of that Act).means an authorisation given by a senior police officer under section 10.means a road related area within the meaning of the Road Transport (General) Act 1999 (other than a road related area that is the subject of a declaration made under section 9 (1) (b) of that Act relating to all of the provisions of that Act).senior police officer means:(a) a Local Area Commander of Police, or(b) a Duty Officer for a police station, or(c) any other police officer of the rank of Inspector or above.vehicle includes a registrable vehicle within the meaning of the Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Act 1997.s 3: Am 1999 No 19, Sch 2.30 [1]–[3]; 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [1]–[4].
4 Inter-relationship of Act with other police functions
Nothing in this Act limits any functions that police officers may have under any other Act or law.
5 Notes
Notes included in this Act are explanatory notes and do not form part of this Act.
Part 2 Driver and passenger identification
6 Power of police officers to request disclosure of driver or passenger identity
(1) A police officer who reasonably suspects that a vehicle was or may have been used in or in connection with the commission of an indictable offence may make any one or more of the following requests:(a) a request that the driver of the vehicle disclose his or her identity and the identity of any passenger in or on the vehicle at or about the time the vehicle was or may have been so used,(b) a request that any passenger in or on the vehicle disclose his or her identity and the identity of the driver of, or any other passenger in or on, the vehicle at or about the time the vehicle was or may have been so used,(c) a request that any owner of the vehicle (who was not the driver or a passenger) disclose the identity of the driver of, and any passenger in or on, the vehicle at or about the time the vehicle was or may have been so used.(2) A police officer may make a request under subsection (1) only if, before making the request, the police officer:(a) provides evidence to the person that he or she is a police officer (unless the police officer is in uniform), and(b) provides his or her name and place of duty, and(c) informs the person of the reason for the request, and(d) warns the person that failure to comply with the request may be an offence.Note—Section 563 of the Crimes Act 1900 also confers a power on a police officer to request a person whose name or address is, or whose name and address are, unknown to the officer to state his or her name or residential address (or both) if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that the person may be able to assist in the investigation of an alleged indictable offence because the person was at or near the place where the alleged offence occurred, whether before, when, or soon after it occurred.s 6: Am 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [5].
7 Failure of driver to disclose identity on request
(1) The driver of a vehicle who is requested by a police officer to disclose his or her identity under section 6 must (unless the driver has a reasonable excuse for not doing so) disclose that fact to the officer.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.(2) The driver of a vehicle who is requested by a police officer to disclose the identity of any passenger in or on the vehicle under section 6 must (unless the driver has a reasonable excuse for not doing so):(a) disclose the full and correct identity of the passenger, or(b) if the driver does not know the full and correct identity of the passenger—disclose such information about the passenger’s identity (such as any alias used by the passenger or the general location of his or her residential address) as is known to the driver.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.
7A Failure of passenger to disclose identity on request
(1) A passenger in or on a vehicle who is requested by a police officer to disclose his or her identity under section 6 must (unless the passenger has a reasonable excuse for not doing so) disclose that fact to the officer.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.(2) A passenger in or on a vehicle who is requested by a police officer to disclose the identity of the driver of, or any other passenger in or on, the vehicle under section 6 must (unless the passenger has a reasonable excuse for not doing so):(a) disclose the full and correct identity of the driver or other passenger, or(b) if the passenger does not know the full and correct identity of the driver or other passenger—disclose such information about the driver’s or other passenger’s identity (such as any alias or the general location of his or her residential address) as is known to the passenger.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.s 7A: Ins 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [6].
8 Failure of owner to disclose identity on request
(1) An owner of a vehicle who is requested by a police officer to disclose the identity of the driver of, or passenger in or on, the vehicle under section 6 must (unless the owner has a reasonable excuse for not doing so):(a) disclose the full and correct identity of any person the owner knows or has reason to suspect was the driver or a passenger, or(b) if the owner does not know the full and correct identity of that person—disclose such information about the person’s identity (such as any alias used by the person or the general location of his or her residential address) as is known to the owner.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.(2) Subsection (1) extends to an owner of a vehicle who was the driver of, or a passenger in or on, the vehicle.(3) Without limitation for the purposes of this section, an owner has reason to suspect the identity of a person if the owner has reason to suspect that a person had access to the vehicle.
9 False or misleading information about driver or passenger identity
A person must not, without reasonable excuse, in response to a request made by a police officer in accordance with section 6:(a) give a name that is false in a material particular, or(b) give an address other than the full and correct address of the driver’s or passenger’s residence known to the person.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.
9A Power of police officers to request proof of identity
A police officer may request a person who is required under this Part to disclose his or her identity to provide proof of his or her identity.s 9A: Ins 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [7].
Part 3 Stopping and searching vehicles
10 Powers to stop and search vehicles
(1) Vehicle search powers A police officer may exercise any or all of the vehicle search powers in respect of a vehicle (or class of vehicles) on a road, road related area or other public place if:(a) the police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that:(i) the vehicle (or a vehicle of the specified class of vehicles) is being, or was or may have been, used in or in connection with the commission of any indictable offence, and(ii) the exercise of the powers may provide evidence of the commission of the offence, or(b) the police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that circumstances exist on or in the vicinity of that road, area or place that are likely to give rise to a serious risk to public safety and that the exercise of the powers may lessen the risk.(2) Vehicle road block powers A police officer may exercise vehicle road block powers if authorised to do so under a road block authorisation.(2A) Road block authorisation A senior police officer may authorise another police officer to exercise any or all of the vehicle road block powers in respect of a vehicle (or class of vehicles) on a road, road related area or other public place if:(a) the senior police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that:(i) the vehicle (or a vehicle of the specified class of vehicles) is being, or was or may have been, used in or in connection with the commission of any indictable offence, and(ii) the exercise of the powers may provide evidence of the commission of the offence, or(b) the senior police officer suspects on reasonable grounds that circumstances exist on or in the vicinity of that road, area or place that are likely to give rise to a serious risk to public safety and that the exercise of the powers may lessen the risk.(3) Power to give reasonable directions A police officer who exercises a vehicle search power under this section, or who is authorised to exercise a vehicle road block power under this section, has the power to give reasonable directions (to facilitate the exercise of the power) to any person:(a) in or on the vehicle concerned, or(b) on or in the vicinity of the road, road related area or other public place concerned.(4) Preconditions for exercise of vehicle search power A police officer may give a direction referred to in subsection (3) only if, before giving the direction, the police officer:(a) provides evidence to the person that he or she is a police officer (unless the police officer is in uniform), and(b) provides his or her name and place of duty, and(c) informs the person of the reason for the direction, and(d) warns the person that failure to comply with the direction may be an offence.(5) Offence A person must (unless the person has a reasonable excuse for not doing so):(a) stop a vehicle the person is driving when directed to do so by a police officer under this section, and(b) comply with any other direction given by a police officer under this section.Maximum penalty: 50 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both.(6) Definitions In this section:vehicle road block power means a power:(a) to establish a road block (consisting of any appropriate form of barrier or obstruction preventing or limiting the passage of vehicles) on any specified road, road related area or other public place, or(b) to stop vehicles at a road block.vehicle search power means a power:(a) to stop vehicles (other than at a road block), or(b) to search vehicles (whether at a road block or otherwise) for the purposes of seeking evidence of the commission of the indictable offence or lessening the risk to public safety concerned and to give reasonable directions to any person in the vehicles for the purpose of facilitating the search, or(c) to take possession of any object found in the course of such a search that the police officer conducting the search suspects on reasonable grounds constitutes evidence of any indictable offence.s 10: Am 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [8]–[12].
11 Duration and form of road block authorisation
(1) A road block authorisation may be given either verbally (including by telephone, radio or other communication device) or in writing (including by facsimile).(2) A road block authorisation has effect for a period of 6 hours (or such lesser period as may be specified by the senior police officer giving the authorisation).(3) Nothing in this section prevents a senior police officer from giving a further road block authorisation in respect of the same vehicle (or class of vehicles) on a road, road related area or other public place.
12 Record of road block authorisation
(1) A senior police officer who gives a road block authorisation must:(a) if the authorisation is in writing—specify the following:(i) the date on, and time at, which the authorisation is given,(ii) the powers conferred by the authorisation and the indictable offence or risk to public safety in respect of which the authorisation is given,(iii) the road, road related area or other public place in respect of which the authorisation is given,(iv) the vehicle (or class of vehicles) in respect of which the authorisation is given,(v) the period of the authorisation when the period is less than 6 hours, or(b) if the authorisation is given verbally—make a record as soon as is reasonably practicable after the giving of the authorisation of the matters referred to in paragraph (a).(2) A failure to comply with subsection (1) does not invalidate a road block authorisation.s 12: Am 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [13] [14].
Part 4 Miscellaneous
13 Onus of proof of reasonable excuse
The onus of proof of reasonable excuse in proceedings for an offence against this Act lies on the person accused of the offence.
14 Proceedings for offences
Proceedings for an offence against this Act are to be dealt with summarily by a Local Court constituted by a Magistrate sitting alone.
15 Regulations
The Governor may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, for or with respect to any matter that by this Act is required or permitted to be prescribed or that is necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
16 Monitoring of operation of Act by Ombudsman
(1) For the period of 12 months from the date of assent to the Police Powers (Vehicles) Amendment Act 2001, the Ombudsman is to keep under scrutiny the exercise of the additional powers conferred on police officers under that Act.(2) For that purpose, the Ombudsman may require the Commissioner of Police to provide information about the exercise of those powers.(3) The Ombudsman must, as soon as practicable after the expiration of that 12-month period, prepare a report of the Ombudsman’s work and activities under this section and furnish a copy of the report to the Minister and the Commissioner of Police.s 16: Am 2001 No 70, Sch 1 [15].
17 Review of Act
(1) The Minister is to review this Act to determine whether the policy objectives of the Act remain valid and whether the terms of the Act remain appropriate for securing those objectives.(2) The review is to be undertaken as soon as possible after the period of 12 months from the date of assent to this Act.(3) A report on the outcome of the review is to be tabled in each House of Parliament within 12 months after the end of the period referred to in subsection (2).(4) In conducting a review under subsection (1), the Minister is to take into account any report received by the Minister from the Ombudsman under section 16.(5) The report under this section is to include a copy of a report received by the Minister from the Ombudsman under section 16.