Table Of Contents

Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 (2013 EPI 22)

Part 1 Preliminary
1.1   Name of Plan
This Plan is Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012.
1.1AA   Commencement
This Plan commences on the day on which it is published on the NSW legislation website.
1.2   Aims of Plan
(1)  This Plan aims to make local environmental planning provisions for land in Cowra in accordance with the relevant standard environmental planning instrument under section 3.20 of the Act.
(2)  The particular aims of this Plan are as follows—
(aa)  to protect and promote the use and development of land for arts and cultural activity, including music and other performance arts,
(a)  to provide for a range of development opportunities that contribute to the social, economic and environmental resources of Cowra in a manner that allows present and future generations to meet their needs by implementing the principles of ecologically sustainable development,
(b)  to facilitate and encourage sustainable growth and development that—
(i)  protects, enhances and conserves agricultural land and the contributions that agriculture makes to the regional economy, and
(ii)  provides a mix of residential housing opportunities to meet the needs of the wider community, and
(iii)  contributes to industrial employment opportunities in Cowra, and
(iv)  ensures that Cowra central business district remains the primary commercial centre for the wider region, and
(v)  provides high quality open space to meet a wide range of active and passive recreational needs, and
(vi)  provides for rural residential living opportunities in appropriately serviced locations close to the Cowra township, and
(vii)  allows for the orderly growth of land uses, while minimising conflict between land uses within the zone and land uses within adjoining zones, in a manner that minimises adverse environmental impacts, and
(viii)  allows for the protection and enhancement of places and buildings of environmental, archaeological, cultural or heritage significance, including relics and Aboriginal places of heritage significance, and
(ix)  protects and enhances environmentally sensitive natural resources.
1.3   Land to which Plan applies
This Plan applies to the land identified on the Land Application Map.
1.4   Definitions
The Dictionary at the end of this Plan defines words and expressions for the purposes of this Plan.
1.5   Notes
Notes in this Plan are provided for guidance and do not form part of this Plan.
1.6   Consent authority
The consent authority for the purposes of this Plan is (subject to the Act) the Council.
1.7   Maps
(1)  A reference in this Plan to a named map adopted by this Plan is a reference to a map by that name—
(a)  approved by the local plan-making authority when the map is adopted, and
(b)  as amended or replaced from time to time by maps declared by environmental planning instruments to amend or replace that map, and approved by the local plan-making authority when the instruments are made.
(1AA)    (Repealed)
(2)  Any 2 or more named maps may be combined into a single map. In that case, a reference in this Plan to any such named map is a reference to the relevant part or aspect of the single map.
(3)  Any such maps are to be kept and made available for public access in accordance with arrangements approved by the Minister.
(4)  For the purposes of this Plan, a map may be in, and may be kept and made available in, electronic or paper form, or both.
Note—
The maps adopted by this Plan are to be made available on the NSW Planning Portal. Requirements relating to the maps are set out in the documents entitled Standard technical requirements for LEP maps and Standard requirements for LEP GIS data which are available on the website of the Department of Planning and Environment.
1.8   Repeal of planning instruments applying to land
(1)  All local environmental plans and deemed environmental planning instruments applying only to the land to which this Plan applies are repealed.
Note—
The following local environmental plans are repealed under this provision—
(2)  All local environmental plans and deemed environmental planning instruments applying to the land to which this Plan applies and to other land cease to apply to the land to which this Plan applies.
1.8A   Savings provision relating to development applications
If a development application has been made before the commencement of this Plan in relation to land to which this Plan applies and the application has not been finally determined before that commencement, the application must be determined as if this Plan had not commenced.
Note—
However, under Division 3.5 of the Act, a development application may be made for consent to carry out development that may only be carried out if the environmental planning instrument applying to the relevant development is appropriately amended or if a new instrument, including an appropriate principal environmental planning instrument, is made, and the consent authority may consider the application. The Division requires public notice of the development application and the draft environmental planning instrument allowing the development at the same time, or as closely together as is practicable.
cl 1.8A: Am 2019 (621), Sch 5[1].
1.9   Application of SEPPs
(1)  This Plan is subject to the provisions of any State environmental planning policy that prevails over this Plan as provided by section 3.28 of the Act.
(2)  The following State environmental planning policies (or provisions) do not apply to the land to which this Plan applies—
1.9A   Suspension of covenants, agreements and instruments
(1)  For the purpose of enabling development on land in any zone to be carried out in accordance with this Plan or with a consent granted under the Act, any agreement, covenant or other similar instrument that restricts the carrying out of that development does not apply to the extent necessary to serve that purpose.
(2)  This clause does not apply—
(a)  to a covenant imposed by the Council or that the Council requires to be imposed, or
(b)  to any relevant instrument within the meaning of section 13.4 of the Crown Land Management Act 2016, or
(c)  to any conservation agreement within the meaning of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, or
(d)  to any Trust agreement within the meaning of the Nature Conservation Trust Act 2001, or
(e)  to any property vegetation plan within the meaning of the Native Vegetation Act 2003, or
(f)  to any biobanking agreement within the meaning of Part 7A of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, or
(g)  to any planning agreement within the meaning of Subdivision 2 of Division 7.1 of the Act.
(3)  This clause does not affect the rights or interests of any public authority under any registered instrument.
(4)  Under section 3.16 of the Act, the Governor, before the making of this clause, approved of subclauses (1)–(3).
cl 1.9A: Am 2019 (621), Sch 5[2]–[4].
Part 2 Permitted or prohibited development
2.1   Land use zones
The land use zones under this Plan are as follows—
Rural Zones
RU1 Primary Production
RU3 Forestry
RU4 Primary Production Small Lots
RU5 Village
Residential Zones
R1 General Residential
R5 Large Lot Residential
Employment Zones
E1 Local Centre
E3 Productivity Support
E4 General Industrial
Special Purpose Zones
SP2 Infrastructure
SP3 Tourist
Recreation Zones
RE1 Public Recreation
RE2 Private Recreation
Conservation Zones
C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves
C2 Environmental Conservation
C3 Environmental Management
Waterway Zones
W2 Recreational Waterways
cl 2.1: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[1].
2.2   Zoning of land to which Plan applies
For the purposes of this Plan, land is within the zones shown on the Land Zoning Map.
2.3   Zone objectives and Land Use Table
(1)  The Land Use Table at the end of this Part specifies for each zone—
(a)  the objectives for development, and
(b)  development that may be carried out without development consent, and
(c)  development that may be carried out only with development consent, and
(d)  development that is prohibited.
(2)  The consent authority must have regard to the objectives for development in a zone when determining a development application in respect of land within the zone.
(3)  In the Land Use Table at the end of this Part—
(a)  a reference to a type of building or other thing is a reference to development for the purposes of that type of building or other thing, and
(b)  a reference to a type of building or other thing does not include (despite any definition in this Plan) a reference to a type of building or other thing referred to separately in the Land Use Table in relation to the same zone.
(4)  This clause is subject to the other provisions of this Plan.
Notes—
1   
Schedule 1 sets out additional permitted uses for particular land.
2   
Schedule 2 sets out exempt development (which is generally exempt from both Parts 4 and 5 of the Act). Development in the land use table that may be carried out without consent is nevertheless subject to the environmental assessment and approval requirements of Part 5 of the Act.
3   
Schedule 3 sets out complying development (for which a complying development certificate may be issued as an alternative to obtaining development consent).
4   
Clause 2.6 requires consent for subdivision of land.
5   
Part 5 contains other provisions which require consent for particular development.
2.4   Unzoned land
(1)  Development may be carried out on unzoned land only with development consent.
(2)  In deciding whether to grant development consent, the consent authority—
(a)  must consider whether the development will impact on adjoining zoned land and, if so, consider the objectives for development in the zones of the adjoining land, and
(b)  must be satisfied that the development is appropriate and is compatible with permissible land uses in any such adjoining land.
2.5   Additional permitted uses for particular land
(1)  Development on particular land that is described or referred to in Schedule 1 may be carried out—
(a)  with development consent, or
(b)  if the Schedule so provides—without development consent,
in accordance with the conditions (if any) specified in that Schedule in relation to that development.
(2)  This clause has effect despite anything to the contrary in the Land Use Table or other provision of this Plan.
2.6   Subdivision—consent requirements
(1)  Land to which this Plan applies may be subdivided, but only with development consent.
Notes—
1   
If a subdivision is specified as exempt development in an applicable environmental planning instrument, such as this Plan or State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008, the Act enables it to be carried out without development consent.
2   
Part 6 of State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008 provides that the strata subdivision of a building in certain circumstances is complying development.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted for the subdivision of land on which a secondary dwelling is situated if the subdivision would result in the principal dwelling and the secondary dwelling being situated on separate lots, unless the resulting lots are not less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
Note—
The definition of secondary dwelling in the Dictionary requires the dwelling to be on the same lot of land as the principal dwelling.
2.7   Demolition requires development consent
The demolition of a building or work may be carried out only with development consent.
Note—
If the demolition of a building or work is identified in an applicable environmental planning instrument, such as this Plan or State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008, as exempt development, the Act enables it to be carried out without development consent.
2.8   Temporary use of land
(1)  The objective of this clause is to provide for the temporary use of land if the use does not compromise future development of the land, or have detrimental economic, social, amenity or environmental effects on the land.
(2)  Despite any other provision of this Plan, development consent may be granted for development on land in any zone for a temporary use for a maximum period of 52 days (whether or not consecutive days) in any period of 12 months.
(3)  Development consent must not be granted unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the temporary use will not prejudice the subsequent carrying out of development on the land in accordance with this Plan and any other applicable environmental planning instrument, and
(b)  the temporary use will not adversely impact on any adjoining land or the amenity of the neighbourhood, and
(c)  the temporary use and location of any structures related to the use will not adversely impact on environmental attributes or features of the land, or increase the risk of natural hazards that may affect the land, and
(d)  at the end of the temporary use period the land will, as far as is practicable, be restored to the condition in which it was before the commencement of the use.
(4)  Despite subclause (2), the temporary use of a dwelling as a sales office for a new release area or a new housing estate may exceed the maximum number of days specified in that subclause.
(5)  Subclause (3) (d) does not apply to the temporary use of a dwelling as a sales office mentioned in subclause (4).
2.9   Canal estate development prohibited
(1)  Canal estate development is prohibited on land to which this Plan applies.
(2)  In this Plan, canal estate development means development that involves—
(a)  a constructed canal, or other waterway or waterbody, that—
(i)  is inundated by surface water or groundwater movement, or
(ii)  drains to a waterway or waterbody by surface water or groundwater movement, and
(b)  the erection of a dwelling, and
(c)  one or both of the following—
(i)  the use of fill material to raise the level of all or part of the land on which the dwelling will be erected to comply with requirements for residential development in the flood planning area,
(ii)  excavation to create a waterway.
(3)  Canal estate development does not include development for the purposes of drainage or the supply or treatment of water if the development is—
(a)  carried out by or with the authority of a person or body responsible for the drainage, supply or treatment, and
(b)  limited to the minimum reasonable size and capacity.
(4)  In this clause—
flood planning area has the same meaning as in clause 5.21.
Land Use Table
Note—
State environmental planning policies, including the following, may be relevant to development on land to which this Plan applies—
State Environmental Planning Policy (Transport and Infrastructure) 2021, Chapter 2—relating to infrastructure facilities, including air transport, correction, education, electricity generating works and solar energy systems, health services, ports, railways, roads, waste management and water supply systems
Land Use tbl: Am 2017 (493), Sch 1.1 [1]; 2018 (488), Sch 1.1 [1]; 2019 (137), Sch 6 [1]; 2019 (468), Sch 1 [1]–[5]; 2019 (621), Sch 3; 2022 (314), Sch 1; 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[2]; 2023 (458), Sch 2.26.
Zone RU1   Primary Production
1   Objectives of zone
•  To encourage sustainable primary industry production by maintaining and enhancing the natural resource base.
•  To encourage diversity in primary industry enterprises and systems appropriate for the area.
•  To minimise the fragmentation and alienation of resource lands.
•  To minimise conflict between land uses within this zone and land uses within adjoining zones.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Extensive agriculture; Home occupations; Intensive plant agriculture
3   Permitted with consent
Agritourism; Airstrips; Animal boarding or training establishments; Aquaculture; Bed and breakfast accommodation; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Camping grounds; Cellar door premises; Cemeteries; Community facilities; Correctional centres; Depots; Dual occupancies (attached); Dwelling houses; Eco-tourist facilities; Environmental facilities; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Function centres; General industries; Heavy industries; Helipads; Home-based child care; Home businesses; Home industries; Home occupations (sex services); Industrial training facilities; Information and education facilities; Intensive livestock agriculture; Jetties; Landscaping material supplies; Open cut mining; Plant nurseries; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (outdoor); Roads; Roadside stalls; Rural industries; Rural workers’ dwellings; Secondary dwellings; Signage; Transport depots; Veterinary hospitals; Water recreation structures; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone RU3   Forestry
1   Objectives of zone
•  To enable development for forestry purposes.
•  To enable other development that is compatible with forestry land uses.
2   Permitted without consent
Uses authorised under the Forestry Act 2012 or under Part 5B (Private native forestry) of the Local Land Services Act 2013
3   Permitted with consent
Aquaculture; Roads
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone RU4   Primary Production Small Lots
1   Objectives of zone
•  To enable sustainable primary industry and other compatible land uses.
•  To encourage and promote diversity and employment opportunities in relation to primary industry enterprises, particularly those that require smaller lots or that are more intensive in nature.
•  To minimise conflict between land uses within this zone and land uses within adjoining zones.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Extensive agriculture; Home occupations; Intensive plant agriculture
3   Permitted with consent
Agritourism; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Animal boarding or training establishments; Aquaculture; Bed and breakfast accommodation; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Camping grounds; Cellar door premises; Depots; Dual occupancies (attached); Dwelling houses; Environmental facilities; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Function centres; Helipads; Home businesses; Home industries; Industrial training facilities; Information and education facilities; Landscaping material supplies; Plant nurseries; Recreation areas; Roads; Roadside stalls; Rural industries; Transport depots; Veterinary hospitals; Water recreation structures; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Livestock processing industries; Sawmill or log processing works; Stock and sale yards; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone RU5   Village
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide for a range of land uses, services and facilities that are associated with a rural village.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home occupations
3   Permitted with consent
Centre-based child care facilities; Community facilities; Dwelling houses; Liquid fuel depots; Neighbourhood shops; Oyster aquaculture; Places of public worship; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (outdoor); Respite day care centres; Roads; Schools; Tank-based aquaculture; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 4
4   Prohibited
Agriculture; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Animal boarding or training establishments; Cellar door premises; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Forestry; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Heavy industries; Livestock processing industries; Marinas; Mooring pens; Moorings; Open cut mining; Rural workers’ dwellings; Sawmill or log processing works; Waste disposal facilities; Wharf or boating facilities
Zone R1   General Residential
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide for the housing needs of the community.
•  To provide for a variety of housing types and densities.
•  To enable other land uses that provide facilities or services to meet the day to day needs of residents.
•  To provide attractive, affordable, well located and market-responsive residential land.
•  To ensure that any non-residential land uses permitted within the zone are compatible with the amenity of the area.
•  To ensure that housing densities are broadly concentrated in locations accessible to public transport, employment, services and facilities.
•  To maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home occupations
3   Permitted with consent
Attached dwellings; Boarding houses; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Centre-based child care facilities; Community facilities; Dwelling houses; Food and drink premises; Group homes; Home industries; Hostels; Kiosks; Multi dwelling housing; Neighbourhood shops; Oyster aquaculture; Places of public worship; Pond-based aquaculture; Residential flat buildings; Respite day care centres; Roads; Semi-detached dwellings; Seniors housing; Shop top housing; Tank-based aquaculture; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 4
4   Prohibited
Agriculture; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Amusement centres; Animal boarding or training establishments; Biosolids treatment facilities; Boat building and repair facilities; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Car parks; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Commercial premises; Correctional centres; Crematoria; Depots; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Helipads; Highway service centres; Industrial retail outlets; Industrial training facilities; Industries; Jetties; Local distribution premises; Marinas; Mooring pens; Moorings; Mortuaries; Open cut mining; Public administration buildings; Recreation facilities (major); Research stations; Restricted premises; Rural industries; Rural workers’ dwellings; Service stations; Sewage treatment plants; Sex services premises; Signage; Storage premises; Transport depots; Truck depots; Vehicle body repair workshops; Vehicle repair stations; Warehouse or distribution centres; Waste or resource management facilities; Water treatment facilities; Wharf or boating facilities; Wholesale supplies
Zone R2   Low Density Residential
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide for the housing needs of the community within a low density residential environment.
•  To enable other land uses that provide facilities or services to meet the day to day needs of residents.
•  To ensure that any non-residential land uses permitted within the zone are compatible with the amenity of the area.
•  To ensure that development does not conflict with land uses permitted within adjoining zones.
•  To ensure that development does not detract from the core objectives of nearby light industrial zones.
2   Permitted without consent
Home occupations; Roads
3   Permitted with consent
Centre-based child care facilities; Dwelling houses; Group homes; Oyster aquaculture; Pond-based aquaculture; Respite day care centres; Tank-based aquaculture
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3.
Zone R5   Large Lot Residential
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide residential housing in a rural setting while preserving, and minimising impacts on, environmentally sensitive locations and scenic quality.
•  To ensure that large residential lots do not hinder the proper and orderly development of urban areas in the future.
•  To ensure that development in the area does not unreasonably increase the demand for public services or public facilities.
•  To minimise conflict between land uses within this zone and land uses within adjoining zones.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home occupations
3   Permitted with consent
Bed and breakfast accommodation; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Dwelling houses; Home industries; Kiosks; Neighbourhood shops; Oyster aquaculture; Pond-based aquaculture; Roads; Roadside stalls; Tank-based aquaculture; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 4
4   Prohibited
Agriculture; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Amusement centres; Animal boarding or training establishments; Attached dwellings; Biosolids treatment facilities; Boarding houses; Boat building and repair facilities; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Car parks; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Commercial premises; Correctional centres; Crematoria; Depots; Dual occupancies; Eco-tourist facilities; Entertainment facilities; Extractive industries; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Function centres; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Helipads; Highway service centres; Hostels; Industrial retail outlets; Industrial training facilities; Industries; Jetties; Local distribution premises; Marinas; Mooring pens; Moorings; Mortuaries; Multi dwelling housing; Open cut mining; Public administration buildings; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (major); Registered clubs; Research stations; Residential flat buildings; Restricted premises; Rural industries; Rural workers’ dwellings; Semi-detached dwellings; Seniors housing; Service stations; Sewage treatment plants; Sex services premises; Shop top housing; Signage; Storage premises; Tourist and visitor accommodation; Transport depots; Truck depots; Vehicle body repair workshops; Vehicle repair stations; Warehouse or distribution centres; Waste or resource management facilities; Water treatment facilities; Wharf or boating facilities; Wholesale supplies
Zone E1   Local Centre
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide a range of retail, business and community uses that serve the needs of people who live in, work in or visit the area.
•  To encourage investment in local commercial development that generates employment opportunities and economic growth.
•  To enable residential development that contributes to a vibrant and active local centre and is consistent with the Council’s strategic planning for residential development in the area.
•  To encourage business, retail, community and other non-residential land uses on the ground floor of buildings.
•  To ensure the development of the local centre in West Cowra is consistent with the commercial hierarchy of the Cowra township and does not involve major retailing activities or detract from the core commercial functions of the Cowra central business district.
•  To maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home occupations; Recreation areas; Roads
3   Permitted with consent
Amusement centres; Boarding houses; Centre-based child care facilities; Commercial premises; Community facilities; Entertainment facilities; Function centres; Hotel or motel accommodation; Information and education facilities; Light industries; Local distribution premises; Medical centres; Oyster aquaculture; Places of public worship; Public administration buildings; Recreation facilities (indoor); Respite day care centres; Service stations; Shop top housing; Tank-based aquaculture; Veterinary hospitals; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 4
4   Prohibited
Agriculture; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Animal boarding or training establishments; Biosolids treatment facilities; Boat building and repair facilities; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Camping grounds; Cemeteries; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Correctional centres; Crematoria; Eco-tourist facilities; Exhibition homes; Exhibition villages; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Industrial training facilities; Industries; Jetties; Marinas; Mooring pens; Moorings; Open cut mining; Port facilities; Recreation facilities (major); Resource recovery facilities; Rural industries; Rural workers’ dwellings; Sewage treatment plants; Vehicle body repair workshops; Waste or resource management facilities; Water treatment facilities; Wharf or boating facilities
Zone E3   Productivity Support
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide a range of facilities and services, light industries, warehouses and offices.
•  To provide for land uses that are compatible with, but do not compete with, land uses in surrounding local and commercial centres.
•  To maintain the economic viability of local and commercial centres by limiting certain retail and commercial activity.
•  To provide for land uses that meet the needs of the community, businesses and industries but that are not suited to locations in other employment zones.
•  To provide opportunities for new and emerging light industries.
•  To enable other land uses that provide facilities and services to meet the day to day needs of workers, to sell goods of a large size, weight or quantity or to sell goods manufactured on-site.
•  To ensure commercial development in the Redfern Street area and at the Cowra Airport is consistent with the commercial hierarchy of the Cowra township and does not involve major retailing activities or detract from the core commercial functions of the Cowra central business district.
•  To maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling.
•  To ensure commercial, industrial or other compatible development at the Cowra Airport provides aviation-related services and facilities or services and facilities to support that development.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home occupations; Roads
3   Permitted with consent
Animal boarding or training establishments; Boat building and repair facilities; Business premises; Centre-based child care facilities; Community facilities; Depots; Dwelling houses; Function centres; Garden centres; Hardware and building supplies; Hotel or motel accommodation; Industrial retail outlets; Industrial training facilities; Information and education facilities; Landscaping material supplies; Light industries; Local distribution premises; Markets; Mortuaries; Neighbourhood shops; Office premises; Oyster aquaculture; Passenger transport facilities; Places of public worship; Plant nurseries; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (major); Recreation facilities (outdoor); Research stations; Respite day care centres; Rural supplies; Service stations; Shop top housing; Specialised retail premises; Storage premises; Take away food and drink premises; Tank-based aquaculture; Timber yards; Vehicle body repair workshops; Vehicle repair stations; Vehicle sales or hire premises; Veterinary hospitals; Warehouse or distribution centres; Wholesale supplies; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 4
4   Prohibited
Agriculture; Air transport facilities; Airstrips; Amusement centres; Biosolids treatment facilities; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Camping grounds; Caravan parks; Cellar door premises; Cemeteries; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Correctional centres; Crematoria; Eco-tourist facilities; Entertainment facilities; Exhibition homes; Exhibition villages; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Forestry; Freight transport facilities; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Home occupations (sex services); Industries; Jetties; Marinas; Mooring pens; Moorings; Open cut mining; Port facilities; Registered clubs; Residential accommodation; Resource recovery facilities; Restricted premises; Roadside stalls; Rural industries; Sewage treatment plants; Sex services premises; Shops; Tourist and visitor accommodation; Waste or resource management facilities; Water recreation structures; Water treatment facilities; Wharf or boating facilities
Zone E4   General Industrial
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide a range of industrial, warehouse, logistics and related land uses.
•  To ensure the efficient and viable use of land for industrial uses.
•  To minimise any adverse effect of industry on other land uses.
•  To encourage employment opportunities.
•  To enable limited non-industrial land uses that provide facilities and services to meet the needs of businesses and workers.
•  To ensure the nature and scale of new industrial development in West Cowra is compatible with existing residential land uses in the surrounding area.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Roads
3   Permitted with consent
Animal boarding or training establishments; Boat building and repair facilities; Car parks; Community facilities; Correctional centres; Crematoria; Depots; Environmental facilities; Extractive industries; Freight transport facilities; Funeral homes; Garden centres; General industries; Goods repair and reuse premises; Hardware and building supplies; Heavy industrial storage establishments; Helipads; Heliports; Highway service centres; Industrial retail outlets; Industrial training facilities; Industries; Kiosks; Landscaping material supplies; Light industries; Local distribution premises; Mortuaries; Neighbourhood shops; Oyster aquaculture; Passenger transport facilities; Places of public worship; Plant nurseries; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Research stations; Restricted premises; Rural industries; Rural supplies; Service stations; Sex services premises; Signage; Storage premises; Take away food and drink premises; Tank-based aquaculture; Timber yards; Transport depots; Truck depots; Vehicle body repair workshops; Vehicle repair stations; Vehicle sales or hire premises; Veterinary hospitals; Warehouse or distribution centres; Water recreation structures; Water supply systems; Wholesale supplies
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone SP2   Infrastructure
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide for infrastructure and related uses.
•  To prevent development that is not compatible with or that may detract from the provision of infrastructure.
2   Permitted without consent
Roads
3   Permitted with consent
Aquaculture; The purpose shown on the Land Zoning Map, including any development that is ordinarily incidental or ancillary to development for that purpose
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone SP3   Tourist
1   Objectives of zone
•  To provide for a variety of tourist-oriented development and related uses.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works; Home-based child care; Home occupations
3   Permitted with consent
Airstrips; Amusement centres; Animal boarding or training establishments; Aquaculture; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Camping grounds; Caravan parks; Centre-based child care facilities; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Community facilities; Eco-tourist facilities; Electricity generating works; Emergency services facilities; Entertainment facilities; Environmental facilities; Food and drink premises; Function centres; Helipads; Highway service centres; Home businesses; Home industries; Information and education facilities; Jetties; Kiosks; Marinas; Neighbourhood shops; Passenger transport facilities; Places of public worship; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (major); Recreation facilities (outdoor); Registered clubs; Respite day care centres; Roads; Roadside stalls; Service stations; Shop top housing; Signage; Tourist and visitor accommodation; Viticulture; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone RE1   Public Recreation
1   Objectives of zone
•  To enable land to be used for public open space or recreational purposes.
•  To provide a range of recreational settings and activities and compatible land uses.
•  To protect and enhance the natural environment for recreational purposes.
•  To maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works
3   Permitted with consent
Aquaculture; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Camping grounds; Caravan parks; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Community facilities; Environmental facilities; Information and education facilities; Jetties; Kiosks; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (major); Recreation facilities (outdoor); Roads; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Water treatment facilities; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone RE2   Private Recreation
1   Objectives of zone
•  To enable land to be used for private open space or recreational purposes.
•  To provide a range of recreational settings and activities and compatible land uses.
•  To protect and enhance the natural environment for recreational purposes.
•  To maximise public transport patronage and encourage walking and cycling.
2   Permitted without consent
Environmental protection works
3   Permitted with consent
Airstrips; Amusement centres; Aquaculture; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Camping grounds; Caravan parks; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Community facilities; Eco-tourist facilities; Electricity generating works; Emergency services facilities; Entertainment facilities; Environmental facilities; Food and drink premises; Function centres; Helipads; Information and education facilities; Jetties; Kiosks; Marinas; Passenger transport facilities; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (indoor); Recreation facilities (major); Recreation facilities (outdoor); Registered clubs; Roads; Seniors housing; Signage; Tourist and visitor accommodation; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Bed and breakfast accommodation; Farm stay accommodation; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone C1   National Parks and Nature Reserves
1   Objectives of zone
•  To enable the management and appropriate use of land that is reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 or that is acquired under Part 11 of that Act.
•  To enable uses authorised under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974.
•  To identify land that is to be reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 and to protect the environmental significance of that land.
2   Permitted without consent
Uses authorised under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
3   Permitted with consent
Nil
4   Prohibited
Any development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone C2   Environmental Conservation
1   Objectives of zone
•  To protect, manage and restore areas of high ecological, scientific, cultural or aesthetic values.
•  To prevent development that could destroy, damage or otherwise have an adverse effect on those values.
2   Permitted without consent
Bee keeping
3   Permitted with consent
Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Camping grounds; Community facilities; Eco-tourist facilities; Environmental protection works; Flood mitigation works; Information and education facilities; Jetties; Oyster aquaculture Recreation areas; Research stations; Roads; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water storage facilities; Water treatment facilities
4   Prohibited
Business premises; Hotel or motel accommodation; Industries; Local distribution premises; Multi dwelling housing; Pond-based aquaculture; Recreation facilities (major); Residential flat buildings; Restricted premises; Retail premises; Seniors housing; Service stations; Tank-based aquaculture; Warehouse or distribution centres; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone C3   Environmental Management
1   Objectives of zone
•  To protect, manage and restore areas with special ecological, scientific, cultural or aesthetic values.
•  To provide for a limited range of development that does not have an adverse effect on those values.
2   Permitted without consent
Extensive agriculture; Home-based child care; Home occupations
3   Permitted with consent
Animal boarding or training establishments; Bed and breakfast accommodation; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Camping grounds; Community facilities; Dwelling houses; Eco-tourist facilities; Electricity generating works; Emergency services facilities; Environmental facilities; Environmental protection works; Extractive industries; Farm buildings; Farm stay accommodation; Helipads; Home businesses; Home industries; Home occupations (sex services); Information and education facilities; Jetties; Kiosks; Oyster aquaculture; Pond-based aquaculture; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (outdoor); Research stations; Roads; Secondary dwellings; Tank-based aquaculture; Veterinary hospitals; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water supply systems
4   Prohibited
Industries; Local distribution premises; Multi dwelling housing; Residential flat buildings; Retail premises; Seniors housing; Service stations; Warehouse or distribution centres; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Zone W2   Recreational Waterways
1   Objectives of zone
•  To protect the ecological, scenic and recreation values of recreational waterways.
•  To allow for water-based recreation and related uses.
•  To provide for sustainable fishing industries and recreational fishing.
2   Permitted without consent
Moorings
3   Permitted with consent
Aquaculture; Boat building and repair facilities; Boat launching ramps; Boat sheds; Building identification signs; Business identification signs; Charter and tourism boating facilities; Community facilities; Emergency services facilities; Environmental facilities; Environmental protection works; Extractive industries; Flood mitigation works; Information and education facilities; Jetties; Kiosks; Marinas; Mooring pens; Passenger transport facilities; Recreation areas; Recreation facilities (outdoor); Roads; Take away food and drink premises; Water recreation structures; Water recycling facilities; Water storage facilities; Water treatment facilities
4   Prohibited
Industries; Local distribution premises; Multi dwelling housing; Residential flat buildings; Seniors housing; Warehouse or distribution centres; Any other development not specified in item 2 or 3
Part 3 Exempt and complying development
3.1   Exempt development
(1)  The objective of this clause is to identify development of minimal environmental impact as exempt development.
(2)  Development specified in Schedule 2 that meets the standards for the development contained in that Schedule and that complies with the requirements of this Part is exempt development.
(3)  To be exempt development, the development—
(a)  must meet the relevant deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the Building Code of Australia or, if there are no such relevant provisions, must be structurally adequate, and
(b)  must not, if it relates to an existing building, cause the building to contravene the Building Code of Australia, and
(c)  must not be designated development, and
(d)  must not be carried out on land that comprises, or on which there is, an item that is listed on the State Heritage Register under the Heritage Act 1977 or that is subject to an interim heritage order under the Heritage Act 1977.
(4)  Development that relates to an existing building that is classified under the Building Code of Australia as class 1b or class 2–9 is exempt development only if—
(a)  the building has a current fire safety certificate or fire safety statement, or
(b)  no fire safety measures are currently implemented, required or proposed for the building.
(5)  To be exempt development, the development must—
(a)  be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, if applicable, and
(b)  not involve the removal, pruning or other clearing of vegetation that requires a permit, development consent or other approval unless it is undertaken in accordance with a permit, development consent or other approval.
(6)  A heading to an item in Schedule 2 is part of that Schedule.
3.2   Complying development
(1)  The objective of this clause is to identify development as complying development.
(2)  Development specified in Part 1 of Schedule 3 that is carried out in compliance with—
(a)  the development standards specified in relation to that development, and
(b)  the requirements of this Part,
is complying development.
Note—
See also clause 5.8 (3) which provides that the conversion of fire alarms is complying development in certain circumstances.
(3)  To be complying development, the development must—
(a)  be permissible, with development consent, in the zone in which it is carried out, and
(b)  meet the relevant deemed-to-satisfy provisions of the Building Code of Australia, and
(c)  have an approval, if required by the Local Government Act 1993, from the Council for an on-site effluent disposal system if the development is undertaken on unsewered land.
(4)  A complying development certificate for development specified in Part 1 of Schedule 3 is subject to the conditions (if any) set out or referred to in Part 2 of that Schedule.
(5)  A heading to an item in Schedule 3 is part of that Schedule.
3.3   Environmentally sensitive areas excluded
(1)  Exempt or complying development must not be carried out on any environmentally sensitive area for exempt or complying development.
(2)  For the purposes of this clause—
environmentally sensitive area for exempt or complying development means any of the following—
(a)  the coastal waters of the State,
(b)  a coastal lake,
(c)  land within the coastal wetlands and littoral rainforests area (within the meaning of the Coastal Management Act 2016),
(d)  land reserved as an aquatic reserve under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 or as a marine park under the Marine Parks Act 1997,
(e)  land within a wetland of international significance declared under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands or within a World heritage area declared under the World Heritage Convention,
(f)  land within 100 metres of land to which paragraph (c), (d) or (e) applies,
(g)  land identified in this or any other environmental planning instrument as being of high Aboriginal cultural significance or high biodiversity significance,
(h)  land reserved under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 or land acquired under Part 11 of that Act,
(i)  land reserved or dedicated under the Crown Land Management Act 2016 for the preservation of flora, fauna, geological formations or for other environmental protection purposes,
(j)  land that is a declared area of outstanding biodiversity value under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 or declared critical habitat under Part 7A of the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
Part 4 Principal development standards
4.1   Minimum subdivision lot size
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to ensure that new subdivisions reflect characteristic lot sizes and patterns in the surrounding locality,
(b)  to ensure that lot sizes for dwelling houses are consistent with lot sizes on adjoining land,
(c)  to ensure that lot sizes have a practical and efficient layout to meet the intended use of the lot,
(d)  to prevent the fragmentation of rural land.
(2)  This clause applies to a subdivision of any land shown on the Lot Size Map that requires development consent and that is carried out after the commencement of this Plan.
(3)  The size of any lot resulting from a subdivision of land to which this clause applies is not to be less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
(3A)  Despite subclause (3), if the consent authority is satisfied that each lot is, or will be, serviced by a water reticulation system—
(a)  land identified as “Area A” on the Lot Size Map may be subdivided to create lots of at least 2 hectares, and
(b)  land identified as “Area D” on the Lot Size Map may be subdivided to create lots of at least 5 hectares.
(3B)  Despite subclause (3), if the consent authority is satisfied that each lot is, or will be, serviced by a sewage reticulation system—
(a)  land identified as “Area B” on the Lot Size Map may be subdivided to create lots of at least 4,000 square metres, and
(b)  land identified as “Area C” on the Lot Size Map may be subdivided to create lots of at least 1,000 square metres.
(4)  This clause does not apply in relation to the subdivision of any land—
(a)  by the registration of a strata plan or strata plan of subdivision under the Strata Schemes Development Act 2015, or
(b)  by any kind of subdivision under the Community Land Development Act 2021.
4.1AA   Minimum subdivision lot size for community title schemes
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to ensure that land to which this clause applies is not fragmented by subdivisions that would create additional dwelling entitlements.
(2)  This clause applies to a subdivision (being a subdivision that requires development consent) under the Community Land Development Act 2021 of land in any of the following zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(c)    (Repealed)
(d)  Zone R5 Large Lot Residential,
(e)  Zone C3 Environmental Management,
but does not apply to a subdivision by the registration of a strata plan.
(3)  The size of any lot resulting from a subdivision of land to which this clause applies (other than any lot comprising association property within the meaning of the Community Land Development Act 2021) is not to be less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
(4)  This clause applies despite clause 4.1.
cl 4.1AA: Am 2019 (468), Sch 1 [6]; 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[3].
4.1A   Minimum subdivision lot size for strata plan schemes in certain rural and residential zones
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure that land to which this clause applies is not fragmented by subdivisions that would create additional dwelling entitlements.
(2)  This clause applies to land in the following zones that is used, or is proposed to be used, for residential accommodation or tourist and visitor accommodation—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(c)  Zone R5 Large Lot Residential,
(d)  Zone C3 Environmental Management.
(3)  The size of any lot resulting from a subdivision of land to which this clause applies for a strata plan scheme (other than any lot comprising common property within the meaning of the Strata Schemes (Freehold Development) Act 1973 or Strata Schemes (Leasehold Development) Act 1986) is not to be less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
Note—
Part 6 of State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008 provides that strata subdivision of a building in certain circumstances is specified complying development.
cl 4.1A: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[3].
4.1B   Minimum subdivision lot size for certain split zones
(1)  The objectives of this clause are—
(a)  to provide for the subdivision of lots that are within more than one zone but cannot be subdivided under clause 4.1, and
(b)  to ensure that the subdivision occurs in a manner that promotes suitable land use and development.
(2)  This clause applies to each lot (an original lot) that contains—
(a)  land in Zone RU5 Village or a residential or employment zone, and
(b)  land in Zone RU1 Primary Production, Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots or Zone C3 Environmental Management.
(3)  Despite clause 4.1, development consent may be granted to subdivide an original lot to create other lots (the resulting lots) if—
(a)  one of the resulting lots will contain—
(i)  land in Zone RU5 Village or a residential or employment zone that has an area that is not less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land, and
(ii)  all of the land in Zone RU1 Primary Production, Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots or Zone C3 Environmental Management that was in the original lot, and
(b)  all other resulting lots will contain land that has an area that is not less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
cl 4.1B: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[3] [4].
4.1C   Exceptions to minimum subdivision lot sizes for certain residential development
(1)  The objective of this clause is to encourage housing diversity without adversely impacting on residential amenity.
(2)  This clause applies to development on land in the following zone—
(a)  R1 General Residential.
(3)  Development consent may be granted to a single development application for development to which this clause applies that is both of the following—
(a)  the subdivision of land into 2 or more lots,
(b)  the erection of a dwelling house, an attached dwelling or a semi-detached dwelling on each lot resulting from the subdivision, if the size of each lot is equal to or greater than 300 square metres.
cl 4.1C: Ins 2019 (468), Sch 1 [7].
4.1D   Boundary changes between lots in certain rural, residential and environment protection zones
(1)  The objective of this clause is to permit the boundary between 2 or more lots to be altered in certain circumstances to give landowners a greater opportunity to achieve the objectives for development in a zone.
(2)  This clause applies to land in any of the following zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU3 Forestry,
(c)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(d)  Zone R5 Large Lot Residential,
(e)  Zone C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves,
(f)  Zone C2 Environmental Conservation,
(g)  Zone C3 Environmental Management.
(3)  Despite clause 4.1 (3), development consent may be granted to the subdivision of 2 or more adjoining lots, being land to which this clause applies, if the subdivision will not result in any of the following—
(a)  an increase in the number of lots,
(b)  an increase in the number of dwelling houses, secondary dwellings or dual occupancies on (or dwelling houses, secondary dwellings or dual occupancies that may be erected on) any of the lots.
(4)  Before determining a development application for the subdivision of land under this clause, the consent authority must consider the following—
(a)  the existing uses and approved uses of other land in the vicinity of the subdivision,
(b)  whether or not the subdivision is likely to have a significant impact on land uses that are likely to be preferred and the predominant land uses in the vicinity of the development,
(c)  whether or not the subdivision is likely to be incompatible with a use referred to in paragraph (a) or (b),
(d)  whether or not the subdivision is likely to be incompatible with a use of land in any adjoining zone,
(e)  any measures proposed by the applicant to avoid or minimise any incompatibility referred to in paragraph (c) or (d),
(f)  whether or not the subdivision is appropriate having regard to the natural and physical constraints affecting the land,
(g)  whether or not the subdivision is likely to have an adverse impact on the environmental values or agricultural viability of the land.
(5)  This clause does not apply—
(a)  in relation to the subdivision of individual lots in a strata plan or a community title scheme, or
(b)  if the subdivision would create a lot that could itself be subdivided in accordance with clause 4.1.
cl 4.1D: Ins 2019 (468), Sch 1 [7]. Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[3] [5].
4.2   Rural subdivision
(1)  The objective of this clause is to provide flexibility in the application of standards for subdivision in rural zones to allow land owners a greater chance to achieve the objectives for development in the relevant zone.
(2)  This clause applies to the following rural zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU2 Rural Landscape,
(baa)  Zone RU3 Forestry,
(c)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(d)  Zone RU6 Transition.
Note—
When this Plan was made it did not include Zone RU2 Rural Landscape or Zone RU6 Transition.
(3)  Land in a zone to which this clause applies may, with development consent, be subdivided for the purpose of primary production to create a lot of a size that is less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
(4)  However, such a lot cannot be created if an existing dwelling would, as the result of the subdivision, be situated on the lot.
(5)  A dwelling cannot be erected on such a lot.
Note—
A dwelling includes a rural worker’s dwelling (see definition of that term in the Dictionary).
4.2A   Subdivision for the purposes of intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to provide flexibility in the application of standards for subdivision for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture in certain rural zones,
(b)  to encourage sustainable intensive livestock agriculture and intensive plant agriculture,
(c)  to minimise unplanned rural residential development.
(2)  This clause applies to the following rural zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots.
(3)  Land in a zone to which this clause applies may, with development consent, be subdivided for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture to create a lot of a size that is less than the minimum size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land.
(4)  However, development consent must not be granted to such a subdivision if an existing dwelling house would, as a result of the subdivision, be situated on a lot created by the subdivision unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the lot will have an area of at least 40 hectares, and
(b)  the lot has, or arrangements have been made for the lot to be provided with, a lawful and sustainable water supply that is or will be adequate for the use of the land for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture, and
(c)  the lot is suitable for, and is to be used for, intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture, and
(d)  the dwelling house is required to support the carrying out of such a purpose.
(5)  Development consent may be granted for the erection of a dwelling house on a lot created by a subdivision under this clause or on an existing lot of any size that only contains land in a zone to which this clause applies if the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the lot complies with subclause (4) (a) and (b), and
(b)  the lot is suitable for, and is being used for, the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture or intensive plant agriculture, and
(c)  the dwelling house is required to support the carrying out of that purpose.
Note—
State Environmental Planning Policy (Rural Lands) 2008 and Assessing Intensive Plant Agriculture Developments (published by the Department of Primary Industries) set out other relevant issues for the consideration of consent authorities when assessing development applications for intensive plant agriculture.
cl 4.2A: Am 2019 (468), Sch 1 [8].
4.2B   Erection of dwelling houses on land in certain rural and conservation zones
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to minimise unplanned rural residential development,
(b)  to enable the replacement of lawfully erected dwelling houses in certain rural and conservation zones.
(2)  This clause applies to land in the following zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(c)  Zone C3 Environmental Management.
(3)  Development consent must not be granted for the erection of a dwelling house on land to which this clause applies unless the land—
(a)  is a lot that is at least the minimum lot size shown on the Lot Size Map in relation to that land, or
(b)  is a lot created under an environmental planning instrument before this Plan commenced and on which the erection of a dwelling house was permissible immediately before that commencement, or
(c)  is a lot resulting from a subdivision for which development consent (or equivalent) was granted before this Plan commenced and on which the erection of a dwelling house would have been permissible if the plan of subdivision had been registered before that commencement, or
(d)  is an existing holding, or
(e)  is a lot that is a dwelling opportunity, but only if no other dwelling has been erected on that lot, or
(f)  would have been a lot or a holding referred to in paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) had it not been affected by—
(i)  a minor realignment of its boundaries that did not create an additional lot, or
(ii)  a subdivision creating or widening a public road or public reserve or for another public purpose,
(iii)  a consolidation with an adjoining public road or public reserve or for another public purpose.
Note—
A dwelling cannot be erected on a lot created under clause 9 of State Environmental Planning Policy (Rural Lands) 2008 or clause 4.2.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted under subclause (3) unless—
(a)  no dwelling house has been erected on the land, and
(b)  if a development application has been made for development for the purpose of a dwelling house on the land—the application has been refused or it was withdrawn before it was determined, and
(c)  if development consent has been granted in relation to such an application—the consent has been surrendered or it has lapsed.
(5)  Development consent may be granted for the erection of a dwelling house on land to which this clause applies if there is a lawfully erected dwelling house on the land and the dwelling house to be erected is intended only to replace the existing dwelling house.
(6)  Land ceases to be a dwelling opportunity for the purposes of subclause (3) (e) if an application for development consent referred to in that subclause is not made in relation to that land before 5 years after the date of commencement of this Plan.
(7)  In this clause—
dwelling opportunity means land that is identified as “Dwelling opportunity” on the Dwelling Opportunity Map.
existing holding means land that—
(a)  was a holding on 23 November 1990, and
(b)  is a holding at the time an application for development consent referred to in subclause (3) is lodged,
whether or not there has been a change in the ownership of the holding since 23 November 1990.
holding means all adjoining land, even if separated by a road or railway, held by the same person or persons.
Note—
The owner in whose ownership all the land is at the time the application is lodged need not be the same person as the owner in whose ownership all the land was on the stated date.
cl 4.2B: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[3] [6].
4.2C   Erection of rural workers’ dwellings in Zone RU1
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure the provision of adequate accommodation for employees of existing agriculture or rural industries.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted to the erection of a rural worker’s dwelling on land in Zone RU1 Primary Production, unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development will be on the same lot as an existing lawfully erected dwelling house, and
(b)  the development will not impair the use of the land for agriculture or rural industries, and
(c)  the agriculture or rural industry being carried out on the land has a demonstrated economic capacity to support the ongoing employment of rural workers, and
(d)  the development is necessary considering the nature of the agriculture or rural industry land use lawfully occurring on the land or as a result of the remote or isolated location of the land.
4.3   Height of buildings
[Not adopted]
4.4   Floor space ratio
[Not adopted]
4.5   Calculation of floor space ratio and site area
[Not adopted]
4.6   Exceptions to development standards
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to provide an appropriate degree of flexibility in applying certain development standards to particular development,
(b)  to achieve better outcomes for and from development by allowing flexibility in particular circumstances.
(2)  Development consent may, subject to this clause, be granted for development even though the development would contravene a development standard imposed by this or any other environmental planning instrument. However, this clause does not apply to a development standard that is expressly excluded from the operation of this clause.
(3)  Development consent must not be granted for development that contravenes a development standard unless the consent authority has considered a written request from the applicant that seeks to justify the contravention of the development standard by demonstrating—
(a)  that compliance with the development standard is unreasonable or unnecessary in the circumstances of the case, and
(b)  that there are sufficient environmental planning grounds to justify contravening the development standard.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted for development that contravenes a development standard unless—
(a)  the consent authority is satisfied that—
(i)  the applicant’s written request has adequately addressed the matters required to be demonstrated by subclause (3), and
(ii)  the proposed development will be in the public interest because it is consistent with the objectives of the particular standard and the objectives for development within the zone in which the development is proposed to be carried out, and
(b)  the concurrence of the Planning Secretary has been obtained.
(5)  In deciding whether to grant concurrence, the Planning Secretary must consider—
(a)  whether contravention of the development standard raises any matter of significance for State or regional environmental planning, and
(b)  the public benefit of maintaining the development standard, and
(c)  any other matters required to be taken into consideration by the Planning Secretary before granting concurrence.
(6)  Development consent must not be granted under this clause for a subdivision of land in Zone RU1 Primary Production, Zone RU2 Rural Landscape, Zone RU3 Forestry, Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots, Zone RU6 Transition, Zone R5 Large Lot Residential, Zone C2 Environmental Conservation, Zone C3 Environmental Management or Zone C4 Environmental Living if—
(a)  the subdivision will result in 2 or more lots of less than the minimum area specified for such lots by a development standard, or
(b)  the subdivision will result in at least one lot that is less than 90% of the minimum area specified for such a lot by a development standard.
(7)  After determining a development application made pursuant to this clause, the consent authority must keep a record of its assessment of the factors required to be addressed in the applicant’s written request referred to in subclause (3).
(8)  This clause does not allow development consent to be granted for development that would contravene any of the following—
(a)  a development standard for complying development,
(b)  a development standard that arises, under the regulations under the Act, in connection with a commitment set out in a BASIX certificate for a building to which State Environmental Planning Policy (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004 applies or for the land on which such a building is situated,
(c)  clause 5.4,
(caa)  clause 5.5,
(ca)  clause 6.1 or 6.2.
cl 4.6: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[7].
Part 5 Miscellaneous provisions
5.1   Relevant acquisition authority
(1)  The objective of this clause is to identify, for the purposes of section 3.15 of the Act, the authority of the State that will be the relevant authority to acquire land reserved for certain public purposes if the land is required to be acquired under Division 3 of Part 2 of the Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (the owner-initiated acquisition provisions).
Note—
If the landholder will suffer hardship if there is any delay in the land being acquired by the relevant authority, section 23 of the Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 requires the authority to acquire the land.
(2)  The authority of the State that will be the relevant authority to acquire land, if the land is required to be acquired under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions, is the authority of the State specified below in relation to the land shown on the Land Reservation Acquisition Map (or, if an authority of the State is not specified in relation to land required to be so acquired, the authority designated or determined under those provisions).
Type of land shown on Map
Authority of the State
Zone RE1 Public Recreation and marked “Local open space”
Council
Zone RE1 Public Recreation and marked “Regional open space”
The corporation constituted under section 2.5 of the Act
Zone SP2 Infrastructure and marked “Classified road”
Transport for NSW
Zone C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves and marked “National Park”
Minister administering the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974
Note—
If land, other than land specified in the Table to subclause (2), is required to be acquired under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions, the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure is required to take action to enable the designation of the acquiring authority under this clause. Pending the designation of the acquiring authority for that land, the acquiring authority is to be the authority determined by order of the Minister for Planning and Infrastructure (see section 21 of the Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991).
(3)  Development on land acquired by an authority of the State under the owner-initiated acquisition provisions may, before it is used for the purpose for which it is reserved, be carried out, with development consent, for any purpose.
5.2   Classification and reclassification of public land
(1)  The objective of this clause is to enable the Council to classify or reclassify public land as “operational land” or “community land” in accordance with Part 2 of Chapter 6 of the Local Government Act 1993.
Note—
Under the Local Government Act 1993, “public land” is generally land vested in or under the control of a council (other than roads and certain Crown land). The classification or reclassification of public land may also be made by a resolution of the Council under section 31, 32 or 33 of the Local Government Act 1993. Section 30 of that Act enables this Plan to discharge trusts on which public reserves are held if the land is reclassified under this Plan as operational land.
(2)  The public land described in Part 1 or Part 2 of Schedule 4 is classified, or reclassified, as operational land for the purposes of the Local Government Act 1993.
(3)  The public land described in Part 3 of Schedule 4 is classified, or reclassified, as community land for the purposes of the Local Government Act 1993.
(4)  The public land described in Part 1 of Schedule 4—
(a)  does not cease to be a public reserve to the extent (if any) that it is a public reserve, and
(b)  continues to be affected by any trusts, estates, interests, dedications, conditions, restrictions or covenants that affected the land before its classification, or reclassification, as operational land.
(5)  The public land described in Part 2 of Schedule 4, to the extent (if any) that it is a public reserve, ceases to be a public reserve when the description of the land is inserted into that Part and is discharged from all trusts, estates, interests, dedications, conditions, restrictions and covenants affecting the land or any part of the land, except—
(a)  those (if any) specified for the land in Column 3 of Part 2 of Schedule 4, and
(b)  any reservations that except land out of the Crown grant relating to the land, and
(c)  reservations of minerals (within the meaning of the Crown Land Management Act 2016).
Note—
In accordance with section 30 (2) of the Local Government Act 1993, the approval of the Governor to subclause (5) applying to the public land concerned is required before the description of the land is inserted in Part 2 of Schedule 4.
5.3   Development near zone boundaries
(1)  The objective of this clause is to provide flexibility where the investigation of a site and its surroundings reveals that a use allowed on the other side of a zone boundary would enable a more logical and appropriate development of the site and be compatible with the planning objectives and land uses for the adjoining zone.
(2)  This clause applies to so much of any land that is within the relevant distance of a boundary between any 2 zones. The relevant distance is 100 metres.
(3)  This clause does not apply to—
(a)  land in Zone RE1 Public Recreation, Zone C1 National Parks and Nature Reserves, Zone C2 Environmental Conservation, Zone C3 Environmental Management or Zone W1 Natural Waterways, or
(b)  land within the coastal zone, or
(c)  land proposed to be developed for the purpose of sex services or restricted premises.
Note—
When this Plan was made it did not include Zone W1 Natural Waterways.
(4)  Despite the provisions of this Plan relating to the purposes for which development may be carried out, development consent may be granted to development of land to which this clause applies for any purpose that may be carried out in the adjoining zone, but only if the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development is not inconsistent with the objectives for development in both zones, and
(b)  the carrying out of the development is desirable due to compatible land use planning, infrastructure capacity and other planning principles relating to the efficient and timely development of land.
(5)  This clause does not prescribe a development standard that may be varied under this Plan.
5.4   Controls relating to miscellaneous permissible uses
(1) Bed and breakfast accommodation If development for the purposes of bed and breakfast accommodation is permitted under this Plan, the accommodation that is provided to guests must consist of no more than 5 bedrooms.
Note—
Any such development that provides for a certain number of guests or rooms may involve a change in the class of building under the Building Code of Australia.
(2) Home businesses If development for the purposes of a home business is permitted under this Plan, the carrying on of the business must not involve the use of more than 100 square metres of floor area.
(3) Home industries If development for the purposes of a home industry is permitted under this Plan, the carrying on of the home industry must not involve the use of more than 100 square metres of floor area.
(4) Industrial retail outlets If development for the purposes of an industrial retail outlet is permitted under this Plan, the retail floor area must not exceed—
(a)  30% of the gross floor area of the industry or rural industry located on the same land as the retail outlet, or
(b)  400 square metres,
whichever is the lesser.
(5) Farm stay accommodation If development for the purposes of farm stay accommodation is permitted under this Plan, the accommodation that is provided to guests must consist of no more than 5 bedrooms in buildings.
(6) Kiosks If development for the purposes of a kiosk is permitted under this Plan, the gross floor area must not exceed 100 square metres.
(7) Neighbourhood shops If development for the purposes of a neighbourhood shop is permitted under this Plan, the retail floor area must not exceed 150 square metres.
(7AA) Neighbourhood supermarkets If development for the purposes of a neighbourhood supermarket is permitted under this Plan, the gross floor area must not exceed 1,000 square metres.
(8) Roadside stalls If development for the purposes of a roadside stall is permitted under this Plan, the gross floor area must not exceed 25 square metres.
(9) Secondary dwellings on land other than land in a rural zone If development for the purposes of a secondary dwelling is permitted under this Plan on land other than land in a rural zone, the total floor area of the dwelling, excluding any area used for parking, must not exceed whichever of the following is the greater—
(a)  60 square metres,
(b)  80% of the total floor area of the principal dwelling.
(10) Artisan food and drink industry exclusion If development for the purposes of an artisan food and drink industry is permitted under this Plan in Zone E3 Productivity Support, Zone E4 General Industrial, Zone E5 Heavy Industrial, Zone W4 Working Waterfront or a rural zone, the floor area used for retail sales (not including any cafe or restaurant area) must not exceed—
(a)  30% of the gross floor area of the industry, or
(b)  400 square metres,
whichever is the lesser.
cl 5.4: Am 2018 (406), Sch 1.42 [1] [2].
5.5   Controls relating to secondary dwellings on land in a rural zone
[Not adopted]
5.6   Architectural roof features
[Not adopted]
5.7   Development below mean high water mark
[Not applicable]
5.8   Conversion of fire alarms
(1)  This clause applies to a fire alarm system that can be monitored by Fire and Rescue NSW or by a private service provider.
(2)  The following development may be carried out, but only with development consent—
(a)  converting a fire alarm system from connection with the alarm monitoring system of Fire and Rescue NSW to connection with the alarm monitoring system of a private service provider,
(b)  converting a fire alarm system from connection with the alarm monitoring system of a private service provider to connection with the alarm monitoring system of another private service provider,
(c)  converting a fire alarm system from connection with the alarm monitoring system of a private service provider to connection with a different alarm monitoring system of the same private service provider.
(3)  Development to which subclause (2) applies is complying development if it consists only of—
(a)  internal alterations to a building, or
(b)  internal alterations to a building together with the mounting of an antenna, and any support structure, on an external wall or roof of a building so as to occupy a space of not more than 450mm × 100mm × 100mm.
(4)  A complying development certificate for any such complying development is subject to a condition that any building work may only be carried out between 7.00 am and 6.00 pm on Monday to Friday and between 7.00 am and 5.00 pm on Saturday, and must not be carried out on a Sunday or a public holiday.
(5)  In this clause—
private service provider means a person or body that has entered into an agreement that is in force with Fire and Rescue NSW to monitor fire alarm systems.
5.9   Dwelling house or secondary dwelling affected by natural disaster
[Not adopted]
5.9AA   (Repealed)
5.10   Heritage conservation
Note—
Heritage items (if any) are listed and described in Schedule 5. Heritage conservation areas (if any) are shown on the Heritage Map as well as being described in Schedule 5.
(1) Objectives The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to conserve the environmental heritage of Cowra,
(b)  to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas, including associated fabric, settings and views,
(c)  to conserve archaeological sites,
(d)  to conserve Aboriginal objects and Aboriginal places of heritage significance.
(2) Requirement for consent Development consent is required for any of the following—
(a)  demolishing or moving any of the following or altering the exterior of any of the following (including, in the case of a building, making changes to its detail, fabric, finish or appearance)—
(i)  a heritage item,
(ii)  an Aboriginal object,
(iii)  a building, work, relic or tree within a heritage conservation area,
(b)  altering a heritage item that is a building by making structural changes to its interior or by making changes to anything inside the item that is specified in Schedule 5 in relation to the item,
(c)  disturbing or excavating an archaeological site while knowing, or having reasonable cause to suspect, that the disturbance or excavation will or is likely to result in a relic being discovered, exposed, moved, damaged or destroyed,
(d)  disturbing or excavating an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,
(e)  erecting a building on land—
(i)  on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or
(ii)  on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance,
(f)  subdividing land—
(i)  on which a heritage item is located or that is within a heritage conservation area, or
(ii)  on which an Aboriginal object is located or that is within an Aboriginal place of heritage significance.
(3) When consent not required However, development consent under this clause is not required if—
(a)  the applicant has notified the consent authority of the proposed development and the consent authority has advised the applicant in writing before any work is carried out that it is satisfied that the proposed development—
(i)  is of a minor nature or is for the maintenance of the heritage item, Aboriginal object, Aboriginal place of heritage significance or archaeological site or a building, work, relic, tree or place within the heritage conservation area, and
(ii)  would not adversely affect the heritage significance of the heritage item, Aboriginal object, Aboriginal place, archaeological site or heritage conservation area, or
(b)  the development is in a cemetery or burial ground and the proposed development—
(i)  is the creation of a new grave or monument, or excavation or disturbance of land for the purpose of conserving or repairing monuments or grave markers, and
(ii)  would not cause disturbance to human remains, relics, Aboriginal objects in the form of grave goods, or to an Aboriginal place of heritage significance, or
(c)  the development is limited to the removal of a tree or other vegetation that the Council is satisfied is a risk to human life or property, or
(d)  the development is exempt development.
(4) Effect of proposed development on heritage significance The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause in respect of a heritage item or heritage conservation area, consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the item or area concerned. This subclause applies regardless of whether a heritage management document is prepared under subclause (5) or a heritage conservation management plan is submitted under subclause (6).
(5) Heritage assessment The consent authority may, before granting consent to any development—
(a)  on land on which a heritage item is located, or
(b)  on land that is within a heritage conservation area, or
(c)  on land that is within the vicinity of land referred to in paragraph (a) or (b),
require a heritage management document to be prepared that assesses the extent to which the carrying out of the proposed development would affect the heritage significance of the heritage item or heritage conservation area concerned.
(6) Heritage conservation management plans The consent authority may require, after considering the heritage significance of a heritage item and the extent of change proposed to it, the submission of a heritage conservation management plan before granting consent under this clause.
(7) Archaeological sites The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development on an archaeological site (other than land listed on the State Heritage Register or to which an interim heritage order under the Heritage Act 1977 applies)—
(a)  notify the Heritage Council of its intention to grant consent, and
(b)  take into consideration any response received from the Heritage Council within 28 days after the notice is sent.
(8) Aboriginal places of heritage significance The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause to the carrying out of development in an Aboriginal place of heritage significance—
(a)  consider the effect of the proposed development on the heritage significance of the place and any Aboriginal object known or reasonably likely to be located at the place by means of an adequate investigation and assessment (which may involve consideration of a heritage impact statement), and
(b)  notify the local Aboriginal communities, in writing or in such other manner as may be appropriate, about the application and take into consideration any response received within 28 days after the notice is sent.
(9) Demolition of nominated State heritage items The consent authority must, before granting consent under this clause for the demolition of a nominated State heritage item—
(a)  notify the Heritage Council about the application, and
(b)  take into consideration any response received from the Heritage Council within 28 days after the notice is sent.
(10) Conservation incentives The consent authority may grant consent to development for any purpose of a building that is a heritage item or of the land on which such a building is erected, or for any purpose on an Aboriginal place of heritage significance, even though development for that purpose would otherwise not be allowed by this Plan, if the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the conservation of the heritage item or Aboriginal place of heritage significance is facilitated by the granting of consent, and
(b)  the proposed development is in accordance with a heritage management document that has been approved by the consent authority, and
(c)  the consent to the proposed development would require that all necessary conservation work identified in the heritage management document is carried out, and
(d)  the proposed development would not adversely affect the heritage significance of the heritage item, including its setting, or the heritage significance of the Aboriginal place of heritage significance, and
(e)  the proposed development would not have any significant adverse effect on the amenity of the surrounding area.
5.11   Bush fire hazard reduction
Bush fire hazard reduction work authorised by the Rural Fires Act 1997 may be carried out on any land without development consent.
Note—
The Rural Fires Act 1997 also makes provision relating to the carrying out of development on bush fire prone land.
5.12   Infrastructure development and use of existing buildings of the Crown
(1)  This Plan does not restrict or prohibit, or enable the restriction or prohibition of, the carrying out of any development, by or on behalf of a public authority, that is permitted to be carried out with or without development consent, or that is exempt development, under State Environmental Planning Policy (Transport and Infrastructure) 2021, Chapter 2.
(2)  This Plan does not restrict or prohibit, or enable the restriction or prohibition of, the use of existing buildings of the Crown by the Crown.
5.13   Eco-tourist facilities
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to maintain the environmental and cultural values of land on which development for the purposes of eco-tourist facilities is carried out,
(b)  to provide for sensitively designed and managed eco-tourist facilities that have minimal impact on the environment both on and off-site.
(2)  This clause applies if development for the purposes of an eco-tourist facility is permitted with development consent under this Plan.
(3)  The consent authority must not grant consent under this Plan to carry out development for the purposes of an eco-tourist facility unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  there is a demonstrated connection between the development and the ecological, environmental and cultural values of the site or area, and
(b)  the development will be located, constructed, managed and maintained so as to minimise any impact on, and to conserve, the natural environment, and
(c)  the development will enhance an appreciation of the environmental and cultural values of the site or area, and
(d)  the development will promote positive environmental outcomes and any impact on watercourses, soil quality, heritage and native flora and fauna will be minimal, and
(e)  the site will be maintained (or regenerated where necessary) to ensure the continued protection of natural resources and enhancement of the natural environment, and
(f)  waste generation during construction and operation will be avoided and that any waste will be appropriately removed, and
(g)  the development will be located to avoid visibility above ridgelines and against escarpments and from watercourses and that any visual intrusion will be minimised through the choice of design, colours, materials and landscaping with local native flora, and
(h)  any infrastructure services to the site will be provided without significant modification to the environment, and
(i)  any power and water to the site will, where possible, be provided through the use of passive heating and cooling, renewable energy sources and water efficient design, and
(j)  the development will not adversely affect the agricultural productivity of adjoining land, and
(k)  the following matters are addressed or provided for in a management strategy for minimising any impact on the natural environment—
(i)  measures to remove any threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage,
(ii)  the maintenance (or regeneration where necessary) of habitats,
(iii)  efficient and minimal energy and water use and waste output,
(iv)  mechanisms for monitoring and reviewing the effect of the development on the natural environment,
(v)  maintaining improvements on an on-going basis in accordance with relevant ISO 14000 standards relating to management and quality control.
5.14   Siding Spring Observatory—maintaining dark sky
[Not adopted]
5.15   Defence communications facility
[Not adopted]
5.16   Subdivision of, or dwellings on, land in certain rural, residential or conservation zones
(1)  The objective of this clause is to minimise potential land use conflict between existing and proposed development on land in the rural, residential or conservation zones concerned (particularly between residential land uses and other rural land uses).
(2)  This clause applies to land in the following zones—
(a)  Zone RU1 Primary Production,
(b)  Zone RU2 Rural Landscape,
(c)  Zone RU3 Forestry,
(d)  Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots,
(e)  Zone RU6 Transition,
(f)  Zone R5 Large Lot Residential,
(g)  Zone C2 Environmental Conservation,
(h)  Zone C3 Environmental Management,
(i)  Zone C4 Environmental Living.
(3)  A consent authority must take into account the matters specified in subclause (4) in determining whether to grant development consent to development on land to which this clause applies for either of the following purposes—
(a)  subdivision of land proposed to be used for the purposes of a dwelling,
(b)  erection of a dwelling.
(4)  The following matters are to be taken into account—
(a)  the existing uses and approved uses of land in the vicinity of the development,
(b)  whether or not the development is likely to have a significant impact on land uses that, in the opinion of the consent authority, are likely to be preferred and the predominant land uses in the vicinity of the development,
(c)  whether or not the development is likely to be incompatible with a use referred to in paragraph (a) or (b),
(d)  any measures proposed by the applicant to avoid or minimise any incompatibility referred to in paragraph (c).
5.17   Artificial waterbodies in environmentally sensitive areas in areas of operation of irrigation corporations
[Not applicable]
5.18   Intensive livestock agriculture
(1)  The objectives of this clause are—
(a)  to ensure appropriate environmental assessment of development for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture that is permitted with consent under this Plan, and
(b)  to provide for certain capacity thresholds below which development consent is not required for that development subject to certain restrictions as to location.
(2)  This clause applies if development for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture is permitted with consent under this Plan.
(3)  In determining whether or not to grant development consent under this Plan to development for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture, the consent authority must take the following into consideration—
(a)  the adequacy of the information provided in the statement of environmental effects or (if the development is designated development) the environmental impact statement accompanying the development application,
(b)  the potential for odours to adversely impact on the amenity of residences or other land uses within the vicinity of the site,
(c)  the potential for the pollution of surface water and ground water,
(d)  the potential for the degradation of soils,
(e)  the measures proposed to mitigate any potential adverse impacts,
(f)  the suitability of the site in the circumstances,
(g)  whether the applicant has indicated an intention to comply with relevant industry codes of practice for the health and welfare of animals,
(h)  the consistency of the proposal with, and any reasons for departing from, the environmental planning and assessment aspects of any guidelines for the establishment and operation of relevant types of intensive livestock agriculture published, and made available to the consent authority, by the Department of Primary Industries (within the Department of Industry) and approved by the Planning Secretary.
(4)  Despite any other provision of this Plan, development for the purpose of intensive livestock agriculture may be carried out without development consent if—
(a)  the development is of a type specified in subclause (5), and
(b)  the consent authority is satisfied that the development will not be located—
(i)  in an environmentally sensitive area, or
(ii)  within 100 metres of a natural watercourse, or
(iii)  in a drinking water catchment, or
(iv)  within 500 metres of any dwelling that is not associated with the development, or a residential zone, or
(v)  for a poultry farm used for breeding poultry—within 5km of another poultry farm, or
(vi)  for a poultry farm not used for breeding poultry—
(A)  within 5km of a poultry farm used for breeding poultry, or
(B)  within 1km of a poultry farm not used for breeding poultry, or
(vii)  for a pig farm—within 3km of another pig farm.
(5)  The following types of development are specified for the purposes of subclause (4)—
(a)  a cattle feedlot having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 50 head of cattle,
(b)  a goat feedlot having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 200 goats,
(c)  a sheep feedlot having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 200 sheep,
(d)  a pig farm having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 20 breeding sows, or fewer than 200 pigs (of which fewer than 20 may be breeding sows),
(e)  a dairy (restricted) having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 50 dairy cows,
(f)  a poultry farm having a capacity to accommodate fewer than 1,000 birds for meat or egg production (or both).
(6)  For the avoidance of doubt, subclause (4) does not apply to development that is prohibited or that may be carried out without development consent under this or any other environmental planning instrument.
(7)  In this clause—
environmentally sensitive area has the same meaning as in clause 1.5 of State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008.
residential zone means Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots, Zone RU5 Village, Zone RU6 Transition, Zone R1 General Residential, Zone R2 Low Density Residential, Zone R3 Medium Density Residential, Zone R4 High Density Residential, Zone R5 Large Lot Residential, Zone E3 Productivity Support, Zone MU1 Mixed Use, Zone C3 Environmental Management or Zone C4 Environmental Living.
5.19   Pond-based, tank-based and oyster aquaculture
(1) Objectives The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to encourage sustainable oyster, pond-based and tank-based aquaculture in the State, namely, aquaculture development that uses, conserves and enhances the community’s resources so that the total quality of life now and in the future can be preserved and enhanced,
(b)  to set out the minimum site location and operational requirements for permissible pond-based and tank-based aquaculture development.
(2) Pond-based or tank-based aquaculture—matters of which consent authority must be satisfied before granting consent The consent authority must not grant development consent to carry out development for the purpose of pond-based aquaculture or tank-based aquaculture unless the consent authority is satisfied of the following—
(a)  that the development complies with the site location and operational requirements set out in Part 1 of Schedule 6 for the development,
(b)  in the case of—
(i)  pond-based aquaculture in Zone RU5 Village, Zone RU6 Transition, Zone R1 General Residential, Zone R2 Low Density Residential, Zone R3 Medium Density Residential, Zone R4 High Density Residential, Zone R5 Large Lot Residential, Zone E1 Local Centre, Zone E2 Commercial Centre, Zone E3 Productivity Support, Zone E4 General Industrial, Zone E5 Heavy Industrial or Zone MU1 Mixed Use—that the development is for the purpose of small scale aquarium fish production, and
(ii)  pond-based aquaculture in Zone C3 Environmental Management or Zone C4 Environmental Living—that the development is for the purpose of extensive aquaculture, and
(iii)  tank-based aquaculture in Zone R1 General Residential, Zone R2 Low Density Residential, Zone R3 Medium Density Residential, Zone R4 High Density Residential, Zone R5 Large Lot Residential, Zone C3 Environmental Management or Zone C4 Environmental Living—that the development is for the purpose of small scale aquarium fish production, and
(iv)  pond-based aquaculture or tank-based aquaculture in Zone W1 Natural Waterways, Zone W2 Recreational Waterways or Zone W3 Working Waterways—that the development will use waterways to source water.
(3)  The requirements set out in Part 1 of Schedule 6 are minimum requirements and do not limit the matters a consent authority is required to take into consideration under the Act or the conditions that it may impose on any development consent.
(4) Extensive pond-based aquaculture permitted without consent in certain zones Development for the purpose of pond-based aquaculture, that is also extensive aquaculture, may be carried out without development consent if—
(a)  the development is carried out in Zone RU1 Primary Production, Zone RU2 Rural Landscape, Zone RU3 Forestry, Zone RU4 Primary Production Small Lots or Zone RU6 Transition, and
(b)  the development complies with the site location requirements and operational requirements set out in Part 2 of Schedule 6.
(5) Oyster aquaculture—additional matters that consent authority must consider in determining a development application In determining a development application for development for the purpose of oyster aquaculture, the consent authority must consider—
(a)  any provisions of any aquaculture industry development plan that are relevant to the subject of the development application, and
(b)  the NSW Oyster Industry Sustainable Aquaculture Strategy.
(6) Oyster aquaculture permitted without consent in priority oyster aquaculture areas Development for the purpose of oyster aquaculture may be carried out without development consent—
(a)  on land that is wholly within a priority oyster aquaculture area, or
(b)  on land that is partly within and partly outside a priority oyster aquaculture area, but only if the land outside the area is no more than 0.1 hectare in area.
(7) Definitions In this clause—
aquaculture industry development plan means an aquaculture industry development plan published under Part 6 of the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
extensive aquaculture has the same meaning as in the Fisheries Management (Aquaculture) Regulation 2017.
NSW Oyster Industry Sustainable Aquaculture Strategy means the third edition of the publication of that title, as published in 2016 by the Department of Primary Industries (within the Department of Industry).
priority oyster aquaculture area means an area identified as a priority oyster aquaculture area on a map referred to in Chapter 5.3 of the NSW Oyster Industry Sustainable Aquaculture Strategy, being a map a copy of which is held in the head office of the Department of Primary Industries (within the Department of Industry) and published on that Department’s website.
5.20   Standards that cannot be used to refuse consent—playing and performing music
(1)  The consent authority must not refuse consent to development in relation to licensed premises on the following grounds—
(a)  the playing or performance of music, including the following—
(i)  the genre of music played or performed, or
(ii)  whether the music played or performed is live or amplified, or
(iii)  whether the music played or performed is original music, or
(iv)  the number of musicians or live entertainment acts playing or performing, or
(v)  the type of instruments played,
(b)  whether dancing occurs,
(c)  the presence or use of a dance floor or another area ordinarily used for dancing,
(d)  the direction in which a stage for players or performers faces,
(e)  the decorations to be used, including, for example, mirror balls, or lighting used by players or performers.
(2)  The consent authority must not refuse consent to development in relation to licensed premises on the grounds of noise caused by the playing or performance of music, if the consent authority is satisfied the noise may be managed and minimised to an acceptable level.
(3)  In this clause—
licensed premises has the same meaning as in the Liquor Act 2007.
5.21   Flood planning
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to minimise the flood risk to life and property associated with the use of land,
(b)  to allow development on land that is compatible with the flood function and behaviour on the land, taking into account projected changes as a result of climate change,
(c)  to avoid adverse or cumulative impacts on flood behaviour and the environment,
(d)  to enable the safe occupation and efficient evacuation of people in the event of a flood.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted to development on land the consent authority considers to be within the flood planning area unless the consent authority is satisfied the development—
(a)  is compatible with the flood function and behaviour on the land, and
(b)  will not adversely affect flood behaviour in a way that results in detrimental increases in the potential flood affectation of other development or properties, and
(c)  will not adversely affect the safe occupation and efficient evacuation of people or exceed the capacity of existing evacuation routes for the surrounding area in the event of a flood, and
(d)  incorporates appropriate measures to manage risk to life in the event of a flood, and
(e)  will not adversely affect the environment or cause avoidable erosion, siltation, destruction of riparian vegetation or a reduction in the stability of river banks or watercourses.
(3)  In deciding whether to grant development consent on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider the following matters—
(a)  the impact of the development on projected changes to flood behaviour as a result of climate change,
(b)  the intended design and scale of buildings resulting from the development,
(c)  whether the development incorporates measures to minimise the risk to life and ensure the safe evacuation of people in the event of a flood,
(d)  the potential to modify, relocate or remove buildings resulting from development if the surrounding area is impacted by flooding or coastal erosion.
(4)  A word or expression used in this clause has the same meaning as it has in the Considering Flooding in Land Use Planning Guideline unless it is otherwise defined in this clause.
(5)  In this clause—
Considering Flooding in Land Use Planning Guideline means the Considering Flooding in Land Use Planning Guideline published on the Department’s website on 14 July 2021.
flood planning area has the same meaning as it has in the Floodplain Development Manual.
Floodplain Development Manual means the Floodplain Development Manual(ISBN 0 7347 5476 0) published by the NSW Government in April 2005.
5.22   Special flood considerations
[Not adopted]
5.23   Public bushland
[Not adopted]
5.24   Farm stay accommodation
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to diversify the uses of agricultural land without adversely impacting the principal use of the land for primary production,
(b)  to balance the impact of tourism and related commercial uses with the use of land for primary production, the environment, scenic values, infrastructure and adjoining land uses.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted to development for the purposes of farm stay accommodation on a landholding unless the consent authority is satisfied all buildings or manufactured homes used to accommodate guests on the landholding will be—
(a)  on the same lot as an existing lawful dwelling house, or
(b)  on a lot of a size not less than the minimum lot size for a dwelling house to be permitted on the lot under an environmental planning instrument applying to the land.
(3)  Subclause (2) does not apply if the development is a change of use of an existing dwelling to farm stay accommodation.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted to development for the purposes of farm stay accommodation on land unless the consent authority has considered—
(a)  whether the development will result in noise or pollution that will have a significant adverse impact on the following on or near the land—
(i)  residential accommodation,
(ii)  primary production operations,
(iii)  other land uses, and
(b)  whether the development will have a significant adverse impact on the following on or near the land—
(i)  the visual amenity or heritage or scenic values,
(ii)  native or significant flora or fauna,
(iii)  water quality,
(iv)  traffic,
(v)  the safety of persons, and
(c)  whether the development is on bush fire prone land or flood prone land, and
(d)  the suitability of the land for the development, and
(e)  the compatibility of the development with nearby land uses.
cl 5.24: Subst 2023 (458), Sch 1[4].
5.25   Farm gate premises
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to allow for tourism and related commercial uses on land used principally for primary production at a scale that does not adversely affect the principal use of the land for primary production,
(b)  to balance the impact of tourism and related commercial uses with the use of land for primary production, the environment, scenic values, infrastructure and adjoining land uses.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted to development for the purposes of farm gate premises on land unless the consent authority has considered—
(a)  whether the development will result in noise or pollution that will have a significant adverse impact on the following on or near the land—
(i)  residential accommodation,
(ii)  primary production operations,
(iii)  other land uses, and
(b)  whether the development will have a significant adverse impact on the following on or near the land—
(i)  the visual amenity or heritage or scenic values,
(ii)  native or significant flora or fauna,
(iii)  water quality,
(iv)  traffic,
(v)  the safety of persons, and
(c)  whether the development is on bush fire prone land or flood prone land, and
(d)  the suitability of the land for the proposed development, and
(e)  the compatibility of the development with nearby land uses.
cl 5.25: Subst 2023 (458), Sch 1[4].
Part 6 Urban release areas
6.1   Arrangements for designated State public infrastructure
(1)  The objective of this clause is to require satisfactory arrangements to be made for the provision of designated State public infrastructure before the subdivision of land in an urban release area to satisfy needs that arise from development on the land, but only if the land is developed intensively for urban purposes.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted for the subdivision of land in an urban release area unless the Director-General has certified in writing to the consent authority that satisfactory arrangements have been made to contribute to the provision of designated State public infrastructure in relation to that land.
(3)  Subclause (2) does not apply to—
(a)  any lot identified in the certificate as a residue lot, or
(b)  any lot to be created by a subdivision of land that was the subject of a previous development consent granted in accordance with this clause, or
(c)  any lot that is proposed in the development application to be reserved or dedicated for public open space, public roads, public utility undertakings, educational facilities or any other public purpose, or
(d)  a subdivision for the purpose only of rectifying an encroachment on any existing lot.
(4)  This clause does not apply to land in an urban release area if all or any part of the land is in a region within the meaning of the Act, Division 7.1, Subdivision 4.
cl 6.1: Am 2019 (621), Sch 5[5]; 2023 (554), Sch 1.
6.2   Public utility infrastructure
(1)  Development consent must not be granted for development on land in an urban release area unless the Council is satisfied that any public utility infrastructure that is essential for the proposed development is available or that adequate arrangements have been made to make that infrastructure available when it is required.
(2)  This clause does not apply to development for the purpose of providing, extending, augmenting, maintaining or repairing any public utility infrastructure.
6.3   Development control plan
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure that development on land in an urban release area occurs in a logical and cost-effective manner, in accordance with a staging plan and only after a development control plan that includes specific controls has been prepared for the land.
(2)  Development consent must not be granted for development on land in an urban release area unless a development control plan that provides for the matters specified in subclause (3) has been prepared for the land.
(3)  The development control plan must provide for all of the following—
(a)  a staging plan for the timely and efficient release of urban land, making provision for necessary infrastructure and sequencing,
(b)  an overall transport movement hierarchy showing the major circulation routes and connections to achieve a simple and safe movement system for private vehicles, public transport, pedestrians and cyclists,
(c)  an overall landscaping strategy for the protection and enhancement of riparian areas and remnant vegetation, including visually prominent locations, and detailed landscaping requirements for both the public and private domain,
(d)  a network of active and passive recreation areas,
(e)  stormwater and water quality management controls,
(f)  amelioration of natural and environmental hazards, including bush fire, flooding and site contamination and, in relation to natural hazards, the safe occupation of, and the evacuation from, any land so affected,
(g)  detailed urban design controls for significant development sites,
(h)  measures to encourage higher density living around transport, open space and service nodes,
(i)  measures to accommodate and control appropriate neighbourhood commercial and retail uses,
(j)  suitably located public facilities and services, including provision for appropriate traffic management facilities and parking.
(4)  Subclause (2) does not apply to development for any of the following purposes—
(a)  a subdivision for the purpose of a realignment of boundaries that does not create additional lots,
(b)  a subdivision of land if any of the lots proposed to be created is to be reserved or dedicated for public open space, public roads or any other public or environment protection purpose,
(c)  a subdivision of land in a zone in which the erection of structures is prohibited,
(d)  proposed development on land that is of a minor nature only, if the consent authority is of the opinion that the carrying out of the proposed development would be consistent with the objectives of the zone in which the land is situated.
6.4   Subdivision of land at Yarrabilly
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to maintain appropriate levels of public safety and amenity when developing land near the Cowra Pistol Club,
(b)  to reduce land use conflict between the Cowra Pistol Club and land adjacent to the Cowra Pistol Club by ensuring that certain works are undertaken prior to developing land near the Cowra Pistol Club.
(2)  This clause applies to the land identified as “Yarrabilly” on the Urban Release Area Map.
(3)  Development consent must not be granted for the subdivision of land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the location and operation of the Cowra Pistol Club will not adversely affect the safe occupation of the land, and
(b)  the subdivision of the land is designed to minimise any land use conflict with, or adverse impact on, the operation of the Cowra Pistol Club.
6.5   Relationship between Part and remainder of Plan
A provision of this Part prevails over any other provision of this Plan to the extent of any inconsistency.
Part 7 Additional local provisions
7.1   Earthworks
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure that earthworks for which development consent is required will not have a detrimental impact on environmental functions and processes, neighbouring uses, cultural or heritage items or features of the surrounding land.
(2)  Development consent is required for earthworks unless—
(a)  the earthworks are exempt development under this Plan or another applicable environmental planning instrument, or
(b)  the earthworks are ancillary to development that is permitted without consent under this Plan or to development for which development consent has been given.
(3)  Before granting development consent for earthworks (or for development involving ancillary earthworks), the consent authority must consider the following matters—
(a)  the likely disruption of, or any detrimental effect on, drainage patterns and soil stability in the locality of the development,
(b)  the effect of the development on the likely future use or redevelopment of the land,
(c)  the quality of the fill or the soil to be excavated, or both,
(d)  the effect of the development on the existing and likely amenity of adjoining properties,
(e)  the source of any fill material and the destination of any excavated material,
(f)  the likelihood of disturbing relics,
(g)  the proximity to, and potential for adverse impacts on, any waterway, drinking water catchment or environmentally sensitive area,
(h)  any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development.
Note—
The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, particularly section 86, deals with harming Aboriginal objects.
7.2   (Repealed)
cl 7.2: Rep 2021 (225), Sch 1.
7.3   Terrestrial biodiversity
(1)  The objective of this clause is to maintain terrestrial biodiversity by—
(a)  protecting native fauna and flora, and
(b)  protecting the ecological processes necessary for their continued existence, and
(c)  encouraging the conservation and recovery of native fauna and flora and their habitats.
(2)  This clause applies to land identified as “Biodiversity” on the Terrestrial Biodiversity Map.
(3)  Before determining a development application for development on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider—
(a)  whether the development is likely to have—
(i)  any adverse impact on the condition, ecological value and significance of the fauna and flora on the land, and
(ii)  any adverse impact on the importance of the vegetation on the land to the habitat and survival of native fauna, and
(iii)  any potential to fragment, disturb or diminish the biodiversity structure, function and composition of the land, and
(iv)  any adverse impact on the habitat elements providing connectivity on the land, and
(b)  any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted to development on land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development is designed, sited and will be managed to avoid any significant adverse environmental impact, or
(b)  if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided by adopting feasible alternatives—the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise that impact, or
(c)  if that impact cannot be minimised—the development will be managed to mitigate that impact.
7.4   Riparian lands and watercourses
(1)  The objective of this clause is to protect and maintain the following—
(a)  water quality within watercourses,
(b)  the stability of the bed and banks of watercourses,
(c)  aquatic and riparian habitats,
(d)  ecological processes within watercourses and riparian areas.
(2)  This clause applies to—
(a)  land identified as “Watercourse” on the Riparian Lands and Watercourses Map, and
(b)  all land that is within 40 metres of the top of the bank of each watercourse on land identified as “Watercourse” on that map.
(3)  Before determining a development application for development on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider—
(a)  whether or not the development is likely to have any adverse impact on the following—
(i)  the water quality and flows within the watercourse,
(ii)  aquatic and riparian species, habitats and ecosystems of the watercourse,
(iii)  the stability of the bed and banks of the watercourse,
(iv)  the free passage of fish and other aquatic organisms within or along the watercourse,
(v)  any future rehabilitation of the watercourse and riparian areas, and
(b)  whether or not the development is likely to increase water extraction from the watercourse, and
(c)  any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted to development on land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development is designed, sited and will be managed to avoid any significant adverse environmental impact, or
(b)  if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided—the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise that impact, or
(c)  if that impact cannot be minimised—the development will be managed to mitigate that impact.
7.5   Wetlands
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure that wetlands are preserved and protected from the impacts of development.
(2)  This clause applies to land identified as “Wetland” on the Wetlands Map.
(3)  Before determining a development application for development on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider—
(a)  whether or not the development is likely to have any significant adverse impact on the following—
(i)  the condition and significance of the existing native fauna and flora on the land,
(ii)  the provision and quality of habitats on the land for indigenous and migratory species,
(iii)  the surface and groundwater characteristics of the land, including water quality, natural water flows and salinity, and
(b)  any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted to development on land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development is designed, sited and will be managed to avoid any significant adverse environmental impact, or
(b)  if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided—the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise that impact, or
(c)  if that impact cannot be minimised—the development will be managed to mitigate that impact.
7.6   Groundwater vulnerability
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to maintain the hydrological functions of key groundwater systems,
(b)  to protect vulnerable groundwater resources from depletion and contamination as a result of development.
(2)  This clause applies to land identified as “Groundwater vulnerable” on the Groundwater Vulnerability Map.
(3)  Before determining a development application for development on land to which this clause applies, the consent authority must consider the following—
(a)  the likelihood of groundwater contamination from the development (including from any on-site storage or disposal of solid or liquid waste and chemicals),
(b)  any adverse impacts the development may have on groundwater dependent ecosystems,
(c)  the cumulative impact the development may have on groundwater (including impacts on nearby groundwater extraction for a potable water supply or stock water supply),
(d)  any appropriate measures proposed to avoid, minimise or mitigate the impacts of the development.
(4)  Development consent must not be granted to development on land to which this clause applies unless the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the development is designed, sited and will be managed to avoid any significant adverse environmental impact, or
(b)  if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided—the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise that impact, or
(c)  if that impact cannot be minimised—the development will be managed to mitigate that impact.
7.7   Airspace operations
(1)  The objectives of this clause are as follows—
(a)  to provide for the effective and ongoing operation of the Cowra Airport by ensuring that such operation is not compromised by proposed development that penetrates the Limitation or Operations Surface for that airport,
(b)  to protect the community from undue risk from that operation.
(2)  If a development application is received and the consent authority is satisfied that the proposed development will penetrate the Limitation or Operations Surface, the consent authority must not grant development consent unless it has consulted with the relevant Commonwealth body about the application.
(3)  The consent authority may grant development consent for the development if the relevant Commonwealth body advises that—
(a)  the development will penetrate the Limitation or Operations Surface but it has no objection to its construction, or
(b)  the development will not penetrate the Limitation or Operations Surface.
(4)  The consent authority must not grant development consent for the development if the relevant Commonwealth body advises that the development will penetrate the Limitation or Operations Surface and should not be constructed.
(5)  In this clause—
Limitation or Operations Surface means the Obstacle Limitation Surface or the Procedures for Air Navigation Services Operations Surface as shown on the Obstacle Limitation Surface Map or the Procedures for Air Navigation Services Operations Surface Map for the Cowra Airport.
Obstacle Limitation Surface Map means the Obstacle Limitation Surface Map for the Cowra Airport prepared by the relevant Commonwealth body.
relevant Commonwealth body means the body, under Commonwealth legislation, that is responsible for development approvals for development that penetrates the Limitation or Operations Surface for the Cowra Airport.
7.8   Essential services
Development consent must not be granted to development unless the consent authority is satisfied that any of the following services that are essential for the development are available or that adequate arrangements have been made to make them available when required—
(a)  the supply of water,
(b)  the supply of electricity,
(c)  the disposal and management of sewage,
(d)  stormwater drainage or on-site conservation,
(e)  suitable vehicular access.
7.9   Location of sex services premises
(1)  The objective of this clause is to minimise land use conflicts and adverse amenity impacts by providing a reasonable level of separation between sex services premises, specified land uses and places regularly frequented by children.
(2)  In deciding whether to grant development consent to development for the purposes of sex services premises, the consent authority must consider the following—
(a)  whether the premises will be located on land that adjoins, is directly opposite or is separated only by a local road from land—
(i)  in Zone R1 General Residential or Zone RE1 Public Recreation, or
(ii)  used for the purposes of a centre-based child care facility, a community facility, a school or a place of public worship,
(b)  the impact of the proposed development and its hours of operation on any place likely to be regularly frequented by children—
(i)  that adjoins the proposed development, or
(ii)  that can be viewed from the proposed development, or
(iii)  from which a person can view the proposed development.
cl 7.9: Am 2017 (493), Sch 1.2 [1].
7.10   Industrial development on land in Zone RU1
(1)  The objective of this clause is to ensure that industries are appropriately located on land in Zone RU1 Primary Production to avoid land use conflict and maintain surrounding amenity.
(2)  This clause applies to development for the purpose of general industries or heavy industries on land in Zone RU1 Primary Production that is within 5 kilometres of land in Zone E4 General Industrial or a residential zone.
(3)  Development consent may be granted to development to which this clause applies if the consent authority is satisfied that—
(a)  the land is the most suitable and practical land that is available for that industry, and
(b)  the industry could not otherwise be accommodated on land in Zone E4 General Industrial, and
(c)  the development will not adversely affect the use and enjoyment of any adjoining land, and
(d)  the development is located and designed to minimise any adverse impact on the Cowra township or any village areas affected by the development.
cl 7.10: Am 2022 (831), Sch 1.8[8] [9].
7.11   Development on land in karst areas
(1)  The objective of this clause is to protect, maintain or improve the following—
(a)  geodiversity of karst features, systems and development processes,
(b)  water quality and flow within karst catchments,
(c)  ecological processes within karst environments,
(d)  sensitive or threatened flora and fauna species, communities, populations and habitats,
(e)  scenic and cultural values of karst landscapes.
(2)  This clause applies to land identified as “Identified Karst Environment” on the Natural Resources Sensitivity—Land Map.
(3)  In deciding whether to grant development consent, the consent authority must take into consideration the following matters—
(a)  the impact of the development on the karst environment, including the following—
(i)  air and water quality,
(ii)  biodiversity and geodiversity,
(iii)  its heritage, geology and ecology,
(iv)  its recreational values,
(b)  any proposed measures to be undertaken to ameliorate any potentially adverse impacts,
(c)  whether the development will cause an appreciable deterioration in the quality or natural flow of water entering the karst environment,
(d)  whether the development will cause an appreciable deterioration in the quality or natural movement of air entering the subterranean portion of any karst environment,
(e)  whether the development will result in any change to the richness and distribution of indigenous flora and fauna species in any karst environment,
(f)  whether the development will result in any loss, damage or harm to caves or other geomorphological features.
(4)  Before granting consent to development to which this clause applies, the consent authority must be satisfied that—
(a)  the development is designed, sited and managed to avoid potential adverse environmental impacts on karst features, systems and development processes, or
(b)  if that impact cannot be reasonably avoided—the development is designed, sited and will be managed to minimise the impact.
(5)  In this clause—
karst environment means an area of land, including subterranean land, that has developed in soluble rock through the processes of solution, abrasion or collapse, together with its associated bedrock, soil, water, gases and biodiversity.
cl 7.11: Ins 2019 (468), Sch 1 [9].
Schedule 1 Additional permitted uses
(Clause 2.5)
1   Use of certain land at 25 Ranken Street, Cowra
(1)  This clause applies to land at 25 Ranken Street, Cowra, being Lot 1, DP 872743, identified as “DP 872743” on the Additional Permitted Uses Map.
(2)  Development for the purpose of a dwelling house is permitted with development consent.
2   Use of certain land at 31 Rankin Street, Woodstock
(1)  This clause applies to land at 31 Rankin Street, Woodstock, being Lots 5 and 6, Section 10, DP 759112, identified as “DP 759112” on the Additional Permitted Uses Map.
(2)  Development for the purpose of an animal boarding or training establishment is permitted with development consent.
sch 1: Am 2015 (168), cl 4 (1); 2017 (144), cl 5.
Schedule 2 Exempt development
(Clause 3.1)
Note 1—
State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008 specifies exempt development under that Policy. The Policy has State-wide application. This Schedule contains additional exempt development not specified in that Policy.
Note 2—
Exempt development may be carried out without the need for development consent under the Act. Such development is not exempt from any approval, licence, permit or authority that is required under any other Act and adjoining owners’ property rights and the common law still apply.
(When this Plan was made this Schedule was blank)
Schedule 3 Complying development
(Clause 3.2)
Note—
State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008 specifies complying development and the complying development conditions for that development under that Policy. The Policy has State-wide application. This Schedule contains additional complying development not specified in that Policy.
Part 1 Types of development
(When this Plan was made this Part was blank)
Part 2 Complying development certificate conditions
Note—
Complying development must comply with the requirements of the Act, the regulations under the Act and this Plan.
General conditions
Any development specified in Part 1 is subject to the same conditions set out in Schedule 6 to State Environmental Planning Policy (Exempt and Complying Development Codes) 2008.
Schedule 4 Classification and reclassification of public land
(Clause 5.2)
Part 1 Land classified, or reclassified, as operational land—no interests changed
Column 1
Column 2
Locality
Description
Sloan Street, Billimari
Lots 5 and 6, Section 2, DP 758107
Lowes Lane, Cowra
Lot 45, DP 975291
Pack Street, Cowra
Lots 1 and 2, DP 1092182
Railway Lane, Cowra
Lot 22, DP 1104564
North Logan Road, Cowra
Lots 146–148, DP 1122349
Doncaster Drive, Cowra
Lot 1, DP 1001730
Lachlan Valley Way, Cowra
Lot 1, DP 180296
Darling Street, North Cowra
Lot 6, DP 304949
Evans Street, Cowra
Lot 21, DP 862774
Lachlan Valley Way, Koorawatha
Lot 1, DP 1099236
Camp Road, Cowra
Lot 1, DP 1060195
Lachlan Street, Cowra
Lot 2260, DP 1122311
Brisbane Street, Cowra
Lot 50, DP 862889
Bennelong Place, Cowra
Lot 2, DP 867898
Clearview Road, Darbys Falls
Lot 1, DP 1118115
Clearview Road, Darbys Falls
Lot 2, DP 1118115
Forbes Street, Gooloogong
Lot 2, Section 27, DP 758462
Oaky Creek Road, Wyangala
Lot 1, DP 1063303
Rankin Street, Woodstock
Lot 1, DP 382774
Part 2 Land classified, or reclassified, as operational land—interests changed
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Locality
Description
Any trusts etc not discharged
Binni Creek Road, Cowra
Part of Lot 1, DP 1001729, identified as “Operational Land” on the Land Reclassification (Part Lots) Map
Nil
Waratah Street, Cowra
Lot 4, DP 811274
Reservations and conditions in the Crown Grant (s) as noted on Certificate of Title Folio Identifier 4/811274
Kangarooby Road, Gooloogong
Lot 16, DP 845643
Land excludes minerals and is subject to reservations and conditions in favour of the Crown – see Crown Grant (s), and land excludes the road (s) shown in the title diagram, as noted on Certificate of Title Folio Identifier 16/845643
Part 3 Land classified, or reclassified, as community land
Column 1
Column 2
Locality
Description
Nil
 
sch 4: Am 2019 (654), Sch 1 [1][2]; 2021 (295), cl 5(1).
Schedule 5 Environmental heritage
(Clause 5.10)
Locality
Item name
Address
Property description
Significance
Item no
Billimari
Billimari Public Hall
Logan Street
Lot 1, Section 14, DP 758107
Local
I61
Billimari
Great Western Milling Co. residence
1–7 Sloan Street
Lots 7–9, Section 2, DP 758107
Local
I63
Billimari
Soldier’s Flat Cemetery site
316 Windowrie Road
Lot 98, DP 1058887
Local
I62
Canowindra
Greenshades Cassidy’s homestead and barn
284 Settlement Bridge Road
Lot 74, DP 750356
Local
I68
Cowra
Cowra Japanese Garden
Binni Creek Road
Part of Lot 7, DP 1173223
Local
I72
Cowra
Contour banks
Binni Creek Road (Agricultural Research Station)
Lot 67, DP 750377
Local
I4
Cowra
Farm buildings
Binni Creek Road (Agricultural Research Station)
Lot 67, DP 750377
Local
I5
Cowra
Farrer barn
Binni Creek Road (Agricultural Research Station)
Lot 67, DP 750377
Local
I3
Cowra
Rail bridge over Lachlan River
Blayney-Harden railway line
N: 6,253,236.2829315; E: 655,536.41344981
State
I8
Cowra
Brougham Park—entrance gates
Brougham Street
Lot 701, DP 93234
Local
I27
Cowra
“Jerula”—cottage
Darbys Falls Road
Lot 1, DP 922899
Local
I13
Cowra
“Jerula”—homestead
Darbys Falls Road
Lot 1, DP 807046
Local
I11
Cowra
“Jerula”—private cemetery
Darbys Falls Road
Lot 1, DP 975725
Local
I12
Cowra
“Cudgelo”—homestead
1034 Darbys Falls Road
Lot 1, DP 855278
Local
I14
Cowra
Stone building—ruin and Cowra POW camp site
Corner Evans Street and Sakura Avenue
Lot 22, DP 862774; Lot 305, DP 823438; Lot 1, DP 196204
State
I34
Cowra
“Farleigh”—homestead
Farleigh Trig Road
Lot 10, DP 752948
Local
I10
Cowra
Cowra Jockey Club—entrance gates
3–5 Grenfell Road
Lot 83, DP 752948
Local
I25
Cowra
Cowra Showground—grand stand
3–5 Grenfell Road
Lot 400, DP 40191
Local
I24
Cowra
Cowra Showground—horse stalls and agricultural shed
3–5 Grenfell Road
Lot 304, DP 752948
Local
I26
Cowra
Cowra Show Pavilion
5 Grenfell Road
Lots 1–3, DP 1105321
Local
I23
Cowra
Cowra Hotel
2 Kendal Street
Lot 6, DP 711412
Local
I39
Cowra
Two storey buildings
5, 7, 9 and 11 Kendal Street
Lots 1 and 2, DP 581299; Lots 3 and 4, DP 231296
Local
I37
Cowra
“Garden Montgomery Solicitors”
14 Kendal Street
Lot 6, DP 826380
Local
I19
Cowra
Imperial Hotel
16–18 Kendal Street
Lot 1, DP 738717
Local
I17
Cowra
“Oxley House”
27 Kendal Street
Lot 5, DP 136827
Local
I20
Cowra
Fagan’s buildings
55–57 Kendal Street
Lot 2, DP 543313
Local
I18
Cowra
Reid Smith Ltd building
59 Kendal Street
Lot 2, DP 627537
Local
I31
Cowra
Cowra Courthouse
82–86 Kendal Street
Lot 7, Section 18, DP 758300
Local
I6
Cowra
Cowra Fire Station
120 Kendal Street
Lot 2, Section 19, DP 758300
Local
I38
Cowra
ANZ Bank
125 Kendal Street
Lot 1, DP 977165
Local
I1
Cowra
“Ilfracombe”
127 Kendal Street
Lot 1, DP 1066396
Local
I32
Cowra
Former Great Western Hotel
1 Lachlan Street
Lot 1, DP 1036870
Local
I33
Cowra
St Raphael’s Church and Brigidine Convent
7–9 Lachlan Street
Lots 1 and 2, Section 16, DP 758300; part of Lot 4, DP 219354; part of Lot 1, DP 1149483; part of Lot 5, DP 826380
Local
I30
Cowra
Grave of John Grant
Lachlan Valley Way (“Merriganowry”)
Lot 2, DP 777730
Local
I22
Cowra
Cowra Railway Station and yard group
Lynch Street (Blayney-Harden railway line)
N: 6,254,911.1920086; E: 657,313.31043717
State
I9
Cowra
St Peter’s Presbyterian Church
Macquarie Street
Lots 9 and 10, DP 1127408
Local
I16
Cowra
“Paradise”
88–90 Macquarie Street
Lot 2, DP 510692
Local
I21
Cowra
“Neila”—homestead and shearing shed
265 Neila Lane
Lot 8, DP 752935
Local
I36
Cowra
“North Logan”, private cemetery
North Logan Road
Lot 2, DP 609171
Local
I15
Cowra
“North Logan”—homestead
1491 North Logan Road
Lot 2, DP 609171
Local
I40
Cowra
Australian Hotel
1 Redfern Street
Lot 3, DP 711412
Local
I2
Cowra
Cowra Steam Mill
6 Vaux Street
Lot 10, DP 860488
Local
I7
Cowra
“Warrawong”—pise cottage
33 Warrawong Road
Lot 120, DP 752948
Local
I28
Cowra
“Warrawong”—slab hut
33 Warrawong Road
Lot 120, DP 752948
Local
I29
Gooloogong
St Stephen’s Church of England Cemetery site
Church Street
Lot 7009, DP 1023730
Local
I52
Gooloogong
Catholic Presbytery
Forbes Street
Lot 11, DP 598809
Local
I58
Gooloogong
Former Catholic Convent
Forbes Street
Lot 5, Section 21, DP 758462
Local
I57
Gooloogong
St Thomas’ Catholic School
Forbes Street
Lot 2, DP 1125552
Local
I56
Gooloogong
Grave of Henry and Sarah Fox
Grey Street
Lot 3, DP 752927
Local
I55
Gooloogong
“Croote”—cottage
1824 Kangarooby Road
Lot 2, DP 1054407
Local
I54
Gooloogong
Bungerellingong Reserve Cemetery
Lachlan Valley Way
Lots 38 and 39, DP 752940
Local
I60
Gooloogong
Log Cabin Community Hall
Main Street
Lot 1, DP 540791
Local
I53
Gooloogong
Gooloogong Hotel
18–20 Main Street
Lot 1, Section 26, DP 758462
Local
I51
Gooloogong
St Malachy’s Catholic Church
48 Main Street
Lot 1, Section 23, DP 758462
Local
I59
Holmwood
“Milton”
9855 Mid Western Highway
Lot 2, DP 862057
Local
I67
Holmwood
“Milton”—wool wash site
9855 Mid Western Highway
Lot 17, DP 750388; Lots 1 and 2, DP 862057
Local
I66
Mandurama
Walli Cemetery
Belubula Way
Lot 7001, DP 1017321; Lot 7300, DP 1157995; Lot 1, DP 1154213
Local
I64
Mandurama
Cliefden Caves Area - Natural and Cultural Landscape
460 Davies Creek Road and 531 Boonderoo Road
Part of Lot 1, DP 110520; part of Lot 281, DP 1128242; part of Lots 9 and 10, DP 114814; part of Lot 82, DP 1183542; part of Lot 1, DP 170590; part of Lot 1, DP 178636; part of Lots 22 and 23, DP 745991; part of Lots 62 and 68, DP 750395; part of Lots 1–4, DP 795356; part of Lot 1, DP 797976; part of Lot 1, DP 998772
State
I65
Morongla
“The Grange”
Lachlan Valley Way
Lot 51, DP 752951
Local
I50
Morongla
Mechanics’ Institute
6150–6154 Lachlan Valley Way
Lots 134 and 135, DP 752960
Local
I48
Morongla
“Iambi Park”
6227 Lachlan Valley Way
Lot 2, DP 604739
Local
I49
Morongla
Morongla Creek Cemetery
Morongla Road
Lot 7001, DP 1059514; Lots 7306 and 7307, DP 1149157
Local
I47
Mount McDonald
Mount McDonald Cemetery
Elliot’s Lookout Road
Lots 7316–7318, DP 1150736
Local
I69
Woodstock
Walli Memorial Hall
Loftus Street
Lot 1, Section 27, DP 759112
Local
I71
Woodstock
Sheet O’ Bark Burial Ground
Mid Western Highway
Lot 17, DP 820947
Local
I45
Woodstock
Woodstock Cemetery woodland remnant
Myalla Road
Lot 7004, DP 93305; Lot 7014, DP 93306
Local
I42
Woodstock
War Memorial Hall
Parkes Street
Lots 8 and 11, DP 759112
Local
I46
Woodstock
Royal Hotel
33 Parkes Street
Lot 1, DP 308697; Lots 1 and 2, DP 1090629
Local
I44
Woodstock
Woodstock Railway Station
Sheet of Bark Road
N: 6,264,860.7967953; E: 671,100.99703018
State
I41
Woodstock
Woodstock Soldiers Memorial Park
Sheet of Bark Road
Lot 1, Section 6, DP 759112; Lot 7003, DP 1017297; Lot 1, Section 7, DP 759112; Lot 701, DP 1019790
Local
I70
Woodstock
Former Woods Flat gold mining area
Woods Flat Road and Reg Hailstone Way
Lots 199, 200, 204, 206, 207, 211 and 324, DP 750388
Local
I43
sch 5: Am 2019 (468), Sch 1 [10].
Schedule 6 Pond-based and tank-based aquaculture
(Clause 5.19)
Part 1 Pond-based and tank-based aquaculture
Division 1 Site location requirements
1   Conservation exclusion zones
(1)  Must not be carried out on the following land, except to the extent necessary to gain access to water—
(a)  land declared an area of outstanding biodiversity value under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016,
(b)  vacant Crown land,
(c)  land within a wetland of international significance declared under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
(2)  Must not be carried out on the following land, except for the purposes of minimal infrastructure to support the extraction of water from, and discharge of water to, the land concerned—
(a)  land declared as an aquatic reserve under the Marine Estate Management Act 2014,
(b)  land declared as a marine park under the Marine Estate Management Act 2014.
Note—
Nothing in this clause affects any requirement under an Act relating to land specified in this clause to obtain a licence or other authority under that Act for development of the land.
Division 2 Operational requirements
2   Species selection
Species of fish or marine vegetation cultivated or kept must be consistent with the relevant aquaculture industry development plan (within the meaning of clause 5.19).
3   Pond-based aquaculture that is also intensive aquaculture—pond design
For pond-based aquaculture that is also intensive aquaculture—ponds must be capable of being drained or pumped and then completely dried.
4   Pond-based aquaculture and tank-based aquaculture that is also intensive aquaculture—freshwater discharges
For pond-based aquaculture and tank-based aquaculture that is also intensive aquaculture—no discharge of freshwater used to intensively cultivate or keep fish to natural waterbodies or wetlands is permitted, except freshwater discharge from open flow through systems.
5   Outlets from culture ponds etc
All outlets from culture ponds, tanks and other culture facilities must be screened to avoid the escape of fish.
6   Definition
In this Division—
intensive aquaculture has the same meaning as it has in the Fisheries Management (Aquaculture) Regulation 2017.
Part 2 Extensive pond-based aquaculture
Division 1 Site location requirements
7   Conservation exclusion zones
(1)  Must not be carried out on the following land, except to the extent necessary to gain access to water—
(a)  land declared an area of outstanding biodiversity value under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016,
(b)  vacant Crown land,
(c)  land within a wetland of international significance declared under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Note—
Nothing in this clause affects any requirement under an Act relating to land specified in this clause to obtain a licence or other authority under that Act for development of the land.
8   Flood liability
Must be designed or constructed on land so that it will not be inundated by the discharge of a 1:100 ARI (average recurrent interval) flood event.
Division 2 Operational requirements
9   Species selection
Species of fish or marine vegetation cultivated or kept must be consistent with the relevant aquaculture industry development plan (within the meaning of clause 5.19).
10   Pond design
(1)  Must not require the construction of new ponds, water storages, dams or buildings.
(2)  Must not be located on permanent watercourses, creeks, billabongs or isolated outreaches of creeks or rivers.
(3)  Must be capable of preventing the escape of stock into natural waterbodies or wetlands.
11   Culture water
Must use freshwater.
Dictionary
(Clause 1.4)
Note—
The Act and the Interpretation Act 1987 contain definitions and other provisions that affect the interpretation and application of this Plan.
Aboriginal object means any deposit, object or other material evidence (not being a handicraft made for sale) relating to the Aboriginal habitation of an area of New South Wales, being habitation before or concurrent with (or both) the occupation of that area by persons of non-Aboriginal extraction, and includes Aboriginal remains.
Aboriginal place of heritage significance means an area of land, the general location of which is identified in an Aboriginal heritage study adopted by the Council after public exhibition and that may be shown on the Heritage Map, that is—
(a)  the site of one or more Aboriginal objects or a place that has the physical remains of pre-European occupation by, or is of contemporary significance to, the Aboriginal people. It may (but need not) include items and remnants of the occupation of the land by Aboriginal people, such as burial places, engraving sites, rock art, midden deposits, scarred and sacred trees and sharpening grooves, or
(b)  a natural Aboriginal sacred site or other sacred feature. It includes natural features such as creeks or mountains of long-standing cultural significance, as well as initiation, ceremonial or story places or areas of more contemporary cultural significance.
Note—
The term may include (but is not limited to) places that are declared under section 84 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 to be Aboriginal places for the purposes of that Act.
acid sulfate soils means naturally occurring sediments and soils containing iron sulfides (principally pyrite) or their precursors or oxidation products, whose exposure to oxygen leads to the generation of sulfuric acid (for example, by drainage or excavation).
Acid Sulfate Soils Manual means the manual by that name published by the Acid Sulfate Soils Management Advisory Committee and made publicly available.
Additional Permitted Uses Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Additional Permitted Uses Map.
advertisement has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined as a sign, notice, device or representation in the nature of an advertisement visible from any public place or public reserve or from any navigable water.
advertising structure has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined as a structure used or to be used principally for the display of an advertisement.
Advertising structures are a type of signage—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
affordable housing has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined as housing for very low income households, low income households or moderate income households, being such households as are prescribed by the regulations or as are provided for in an environmental planning instrument.
agricultural produce industry means a building or place used for the handling, treating, processing or packing, for commercial purposes, of produce from agriculture (including dairy products, seeds, fruit, vegetables or other plant material), and includes wineries, flour mills, cotton seed oil plants, cotton gins, feed mills, cheese and butter factories, and juicing or canning plants, but does not include a livestock processing industry.
Note—
Agricultural produce industries are a type of rural industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
agriculture means any of the following—
(aaa)  agritourism,
(a)  aquaculture,
(b)  extensive agriculture,
(c)  intensive livestock agriculture,
(d)  intensive plant agriculture.
Note—
Part 6 of the Plantations and Reafforestation Act 1999 provides that exempt farm forestry within the meaning of that Act is not subject to the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979.
agritourism means the following—
(a)  farm gate premises,
(b)  farm experience premises.
Note—
Agritourism is a type of agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
air transport facility means an airport or a heliport that is not part of an airport, and includes associated communication and air traffic control facilities or structures.
airport means a place that is used for the landing, taking off, parking, maintenance or repair of aeroplanes, and includes associated buildings, installations, facilities and movement areas and any heliport that is part of the airport.
Note—
Airports are a type of air transport facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
airstrip means a single runway for the landing, taking off or parking of aeroplanes for private aviation only, but does not include an airport, heliport or helipad.
amusement centre means a building or place (not being part of a pub or registered club) used principally for playing—
(a)  billiards, pool or other like games, or
(b)  electronic or mechanical amusement devices, such as pinball machines, computer or video games and the like.
animal boarding or training establishment means a building or place used for the breeding, boarding, training, keeping or caring of animals for commercial purposes (other than for the agistment of horses), and includes any associated riding school or ancillary veterinary hospital.
aquaculture has the same meaning as in the Fisheries Management Act 1994. It includes oyster aquaculture, pond-based aquaculture and tank-based aquaculture.
Note—
Aquaculture is a type of agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
archaeological site means a place that contains one or more relics.
artisan food and drink industry means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the making or manufacture of boutique, artisan or craft food or drink products only. It must also include at least one of the following—
(a)  a retail area for the sale of the products,
(b)  the preparation and serving, on a retail basis, of food and drink to people for consumption on the premises, whether or not liquor, take away meals and drinks or entertainment are also provided,
(c)  facilities for holding tastings, tours or workshops.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls in certain zones relating to the retail floor area of an artisan food and drink industry.
Artisan food and drink industries are a type of light industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
attached dwelling means a building containing 3 or more dwellings, where—
(a)  each dwelling is attached to another dwelling by a common wall, and
(b)  each of the dwellings is on its own lot of land, and
(c)  none of the dwellings is located above any part of another dwelling.
Note—
Attached dwellings are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
attic means any habitable space, but not a separate dwelling, contained wholly within a roof above the ceiling line of the storey immediately below, except for minor elements such as dormer windows and the like.
backpackers’ accommodation means a building or place that—
(a)  provides temporary or short-term accommodation on a commercial basis, and
(b)  has shared facilities, such as a communal bathroom, kitchen or laundry, and
(c)  provides accommodation on a bed or dormitory-style basis (rather than by room).
Note—
Backpackers’ accommodation is a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
basement means the space of a building where the floor level of that space is predominantly below ground level (existing) and where the floor level of the storey immediately above is less than 1 metre above ground level (existing).
bed and breakfast accommodation means an existing dwelling in which temporary or short-term accommodation is provided on a commercial basis by the permanent residents of the dwelling and where—
(a)  meals are provided for guests only, and
(b)  cooking facilities for the preparation of meals are not provided within guests’ rooms, and
(c)  dormitory-style accommodation is not provided.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the number of bedrooms for bed and breakfast accommodation.
Bed and breakfast accommodation is a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
bee keeping means a building or place used for the keeping and breeding of bees for commercial purposes.
Note—
Bee keeping is a type of extensive agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
biodiversity or biological diversity means the variety of living animal and plant life from all sources, and includes diversity within and between species and diversity of ecosystems.
biosolids treatment facility means a building or place used as a facility for the treatment of biosolids from a sewage treatment plant or from a water recycling facility.
Note—
Biosolids treatment facilities are a type of sewerage system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
boarding house means a building or place—
(a)  that provides residents with a principal place of residence for at least 3 months, and
(b)  that contains shared facilities, such as a communal living room, bathroom, kitchen or laundry, and
(c)  that contains rooms, some or all of which may have private kitchen and bathroom facilities, and
(d)  used to provide affordable housing, and
(e)  if not carried out by or on behalf of the Land and Housing Corporation—managed by a registered community housing provider,
but does not include backpackers’ accommodation, co-living housing, a group home, hotel or motel accommodation, seniors housing or a serviced apartment.
boat building and repair facility means any facility (including a building or other structure) used primarily for the construction, maintenance or repair of boats, whether or not including the storage, sale or hire of boats, but does not include a marina or boat shed.
boat launching ramp means a structure designed primarily for the launching of trailer borne recreational vessels, and includes associated car parking facilities.
boat shed means a building or other structure used for the storage and routine maintenance of a boat or boats and that is associated with a private dwelling or non-profit organisation, and includes any skid used in connection with the building or other structure.
brothel has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
This definition is relevant to the definitions of home occupation (sex services) and sex services premises in this Dictionary.
building has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined to include part of a building and any structure or part of a structure, but not including a manufactured home, a moveable dwelling or associated structure (or part of a manufactured home, moveable dwelling or associated structure).
building height (or height of building) means—
(a)  in relation to the height of a building in metres—the vertical distance from ground level (existing) to the highest point of the building, or
(b)  in relation to the RL of a building—the vertical distance from the Australian Height Datum to the highest point of the building,
including plant and lift overruns, but excluding communication devices, antennae, satellite dishes, masts, flagpoles, chimneys, flues and the like.
building identification sign means a sign that identifies or names a building and that may include the name of a building, the street name and number of a building, and a logo or other symbol but does not include general advertising of products, goods or services.
Note—
Building identification signs are a type of signage—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
building line or setback means the horizontal distance between the property boundary or other stated boundary (measured at 90 degrees from the boundary) and—
(a)  a building wall, or
(b)  the outside face of any balcony, deck or the like, or
(c)  the supporting posts of a carport or verandah roof,
whichever distance is the shortest.
bush fire hazard reduction work has the same meaning as in the Rural Fires Act 1997.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
bush fire hazard reduction work means—
(a)  the establishment or maintenance of fire breaks on land, and
(b)  the controlled application of appropriate fire regimes or other means for the reduction or modification of available fuels within a predetermined area to mitigate against the spread of a bush fire,
but does not include construction of a track, trail or road.
bush fire prone land has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined, in relation to an area, as land recorded for the time being as bush fire prone land on a map for the area certified as referred to in section 10.3(2) of the Act.
bush fire risk management plan means a plan prepared under Division 4 of Part 3 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 for the purpose referred to in section 54 of that Act.
business identification sign means a sign—
(a)  that indicates—
(i)  the name of the person or business, and
(ii)  the nature of the business carried on by the person at the premises or place at which the sign is displayed, and
(b)  that may include the address of the premises or place and a logo or other symbol that identifies the business,
but that does not contain any advertising relating to a person who does not carry on business at the premises or place.
Note—
Business identification signs are a type of signage—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
business premises means a building or place at or on which—
(a)  an occupation, profession or trade (other than an industry) is carried on for the provision of services directly to members of the public on a regular basis, or
(b)  a service is provided directly to members of the public on a regular basis,
and includes funeral homes, goods repair and reuse premises and, without limitation, premises such as banks, post offices, hairdressers, dry cleaners, travel agencies, betting agencies and the like, but does not include an entertainment facility, home business, home occupation, home occupation (sex services), medical centre, restricted premises, sex services premises or veterinary hospital.
Note—
Business premises are a type of commercial premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
camping ground means an area of land, with access to communal amenities, used for the short term placement of campervans, tents, annexes or other similar portable and lightweight temporary shelters for accommodation and includes a primitive camping ground but does not include—
(a)  a caravan park, or
(b)  farm stay accommodation.
canal estate development—see clause 2.9.
car park means a building or place primarily used for the purpose of parking motor vehicles, including any manoeuvring space and access thereto, whether operated for gain or not.
caravan park means an area of land, with access to communal amenities, used for the installation or placement of caravans, or caravans and other moveable dwellings, but does not include farm stay accommodation.
catchment action plan has the same meaning as in the Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003.
Note—
The term is defined as a catchment action plan of an authority that has been approved by the Minister under Part 4 of the Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003.
cellar door premises means a building or place that is used to sell wine by retail and that is situated on land on which there is a commercial vineyard, and where most of the wine offered for sale is produced in a winery situated on that land or is produced predominantly from grapes grown in the surrounding area.
Note—
Cellar door premises are a type of farm gate premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
cemetery means a building or place used primarily for the interment of deceased persons or pets or their ashes, whether or not it contains an associated building for conducting memorial services.
centre-based child care facility means—
(a)  a building or place used for the education and care of children that provides any one or more of the following—
(i)  long day care,
(ii)  occasional child care,
(iii)  out-of-school-hours care (including vacation care),
(iv)  preschool care, or
(b)  an approved family day care venue (within the meaning of the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW)),
Note—
An approved family day care venue is a place, other than a residence, where an approved family day care service (within the meaning of the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW)) is provided.
but does not include—
(c)  a building or place used for home-based child care or school-based child care, or
(d)  an office of a family day care service (within the meanings of the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW)), or
(e)  a babysitting, playgroup or child-minding service that is organised informally by the parents of the children concerned, or
(f)  a child-minding service that is provided in connection with a recreational or commercial facility (such as a gymnasium) to care for children while the children’s parents are using the facility, or
(g)  a service that is concerned primarily with providing lessons or coaching in, or providing for participation in, a cultural, recreational, religious or sporting activity, or providing private tutoring, or
(h)  a child-minding service that is provided by or in a health services facility, but only if the service is established, registered or licensed as part of the institution operating in the facility.
Note—
Centre-based child care facilities are a type of early education and care facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
charter and tourism boating facility means any facility (including a building or other structure) used for charter boating or tourism boating purposes, being a facility that is used only by the operators of the facility and that has a direct structural connection between the foreshore and the waterway, but does not include a marina.
classified road has the same meaning as in the Roads Act 1993.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
classified road means any of the following—
(a)  a main road,
(b)  a highway,
(c)  a freeway,
(d)  a controlled access road,
(e)  a secondary road,
(f)  a tourist road,
(g)  a tollway,
(h)  a transitway,
(i)  a State work.
(See Roads Act 1993 for meanings of these terms.)
clearing native vegetation has the same meaning as in Part 5A of the Local Land Services Act 2013.
clearing vegetation has the same meaning as in State Environmental Planning Policy (Biodiversity and Conservation) 2021, Chapter 2.
coastal hazard has the same meaning as in the Coastal Management Act 2016.
coastal lake means a body of water identified in State Environmental Planning Policy (Resilience and Hazards) 2021, Schedule 1.
coastal protection works has the same meaning as in the Coastal Management Act 2016.
coastal waters of the State—see section 58 of the Interpretation Act 1987.
coastal zone has the same meaning as in the Coastal Management Act 2016.
co-living housing means a building or place that—
(a)  has at least 6 private rooms, some or all of which may have private kitchen and bathroom facilities, and
(b)  provides occupants with a principal place of residence for at least 3 months, and
(c)  has shared facilities, such as a communal living room, bathroom, kitchen or laundry, maintained by a managing agent, who provides management services 24 hours a day,
but does not include backpackers’ accommodation, a boarding house, a group home, hotel or motel accommodation, seniors housing or a serviced apartment.
Note—
Co-living housing is a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
commercial farm means a farm on which agriculture is undertaken that is—
(a)  on land categorised as farmland under the Local Government Act 1993, section 515, or
(b)  a primary production business within the meaning of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 of the Commonwealth, or part of a primary production business, including a business that—
(i)  was a primary production business, and
(ii)  has temporarily ceased to be a primary production business because of a natural disaster, including a drought, flood or bush fire.
commercial premises means any of the following—
(a)  business premises,
(b)  office premises,
(c)  retail premises.
community facility means a building or place—
(a)  owned or controlled by a public authority or non-profit community organisation, and
(b)  used for the physical, social, cultural or intellectual development or welfare of the community,
but does not include an educational establishment, hospital, retail premises, place of public worship or residential accommodation.
community land has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
correctional centre means—
(a)  any premises declared to be a correctional centre by a proclamation in force under section 225 of the Crimes (Administration of Sentences) Act 1999, including any juvenile correctional centre or periodic detention centre, and
(b)  any premises declared to be a detention centre by an order in force under section 5 (1) of the Children (Detention Centres) Act 1987,
but does not include any police station or court cell complex in which a person is held in custody in accordance with any Act.
Council means the Cowra Shire Council.
creative industry means a building or place the principal purpose of which is to produce or demonstrate arts, crafts, design or other creative products, and includes artists’ studios, recording studios, and set design and production facilities.
Note—
Creative industries are a type of light industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
crematorium means a building or place in which deceased persons or pets are cremated or processed by alkaline hydrolysis, whether or not the building or place contains an associated building for conducting memorial services.
curtilage, in relation to a heritage item or conservation area, means the area of land (including land covered by water) surrounding a heritage item, a heritage conservation area, or building, work or place within a heritage conservation area, that contributes to its heritage significance.
dairy (pasture-based) means a dairy that is conducted on a commercial basis where the only restriction facilities present are milking sheds and holding yards and where cattle generally feed by grazing on living grasses and other plants on the land and are constrained for no more than 10 hours in any 24 hour period (excluding during any period of drought or similar emergency relief).
Note—
Dairies (pasture-based) are a type of extensive agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
dairy (restricted) means a dairy that is conducted on a commercial basis where restriction facilities (in addition to milking sheds and holding yards) are present and where cattle have access to grazing for less than 10 hours in any 24 hour period (excluding during any period of drought or similar emergency relief). It may comprise the whole or part of a restriction facility.
Note—
Dairies (restricted) are a type of intensive livestock agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
data centre means a building or place the principal purpose of which is to collect, distribute, process or store electronic data using information technology.
Note—
Data centres are a type of high technology industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
demolish, in relation to a heritage item or an Aboriginal object, or a building, work, relic or tree within a heritage conservation area, means wholly or partly destroy, dismantle or deface the heritage item, Aboriginal object or building, work, relic or tree.
depot means a building or place used for the storage (but not sale or hire) of plant, machinery or other goods (that support the operations of an existing undertaking) when not required for use, but does not include a farm building.
designated State public infrastructure means public facilities or services that are provided or financed by the State (or if provided or financed by the private sector, to the extent of any financial or in-kind contribution by the State) of the following kinds—
(a)  State and regional roads,
(b)  bus interchanges and bus lanes,
(c)  land required for regional open space,
(d)  land required for social infrastructure and facilities (such as land for schools, hospitals, emergency services and justice purposes).
drainage means any activity that intentionally alters the hydrological regime of any locality by facilitating the removal of surface or ground water. It may include the construction, deepening, extending, opening, installation or laying of any canal, drain or pipe, either on the land or in such a manner as to encourage drainage of adjoining land.
dual occupancy means a dual occupancy (attached) or a dual occupancy (detached).
Note—
Dual occupancies are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
dual occupancy (attached) means 2 dwellings on one lot of land that are attached to each other, but does not include a secondary dwelling.
Note—
Dual occupancies (attached) are a type of dual occupancy—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
dual occupancy (detached) means 2 detached dwellings on one lot of land, but does not include a secondary dwelling.
Note—
Dual occupancies (detached) are a type of dual occupancy—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
dwelling means a room or suite of rooms occupied or used or so constructed or adapted as to be capable of being occupied or used as a separate domicile.
dwelling house means a building containing only one dwelling.
Note—
Dwelling houses are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
Dwelling Opportunity Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Dwelling Opportunity Map.
early education and care facility means a building or place used for the education and care of children, and includes any of the following—
(a)  a centre-based child care facility,
(b)  home-based child care,
(c)  school-based child care.
earthworks means excavation or filling.
ecologically sustainable development has the same meaning as in the Act.
eco-tourist facility means a building or place that—
(a)  provides temporary or short-term accommodation to visitors on a commercial basis, and
(b)  is located in or adjacent to an area with special ecological or cultural features, and
(c)  is sensitively designed and located so as to minimise bulk, scale and overall physical footprint and any ecological or visual impact.
It may include facilities that are used to provide information or education to visitors and to exhibit or display items.
Note—
See clause 5.13 for requirements in relation to the granting of development consent for eco-tourist facilities.
Eco-tourist facilities are not a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
educational establishment means a building or place used for education (including teaching), being—
(a)  a school, or
(b)  a tertiary institution, including a university or a TAFE establishment, that provides formal education and is constituted by or under an Act.
electricity generating works means a building or place used for the purpose of—
(a)  making or generating electricity, or
(b)  electricity storage.
emergency services facility means a building or place (including a helipad) used in connection with the provision of emergency services by an emergency services organisation.
emergency services organisation means any of the following—
(a)  Ambulance Service of New South Wales,
(b)  Fire and Rescue NSW,
(c)  NSW Rural Fire Service,
(d)  NSW Police Force,
(e)  State Emergency Service,
(f)  New South Wales Volunteer Rescue Association Incorporated,
(g)  New South Wales Mines Rescue Brigade established under the Coal Industry Act 2001,
(h)  an accredited rescue unit within the meaning of the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act 1989.
entertainment facility means a theatre, cinema, music hall, concert hall, dance hall and the like, but does not include a pub or registered club.
environmental facility means a building or place that provides for the recreational use or scientific study of natural systems, and includes walking tracks, seating, shelters, board walks, observation decks, bird hides or the like, and associated display structures.
environmental protection works means works associated with the rehabilitation of land towards its natural state or any work to protect land from environmental degradation, and includes bush regeneration works, wetland protection works, erosion protection works, dune restoration works and the like, but does not include coastal protection works.
estuary has the same meaning as in the Water Management Act 2000.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
estuary means—
(a)  any part of a river whose level is periodically or intermittently affected by coastal tides, or
(b)  any lake or other partially enclosed body of water that is periodically or intermittently open to the sea, or
(c)  anything declared by the regulations (under the Water Management Act 2000) to be an estuary,
but does not include anything declared by the regulations (under the Water Management Act 2000) not to be an estuary.
excavation means the removal of soil or rock, whether moved to another part of the same site or to another site, but does not include garden landscaping that does not significantly alter the shape, natural form or drainage of the land.
exhibition home means a dwelling built for the purposes of the public exhibition and marketing of new dwellings, whether or not it is intended to be sold as a private dwelling after its use for those purposes is completed, and includes any associated sales or home finance office or place used for displays.
exhibition village means 2 or more exhibition homes and associated buildings and places used for house and land sales, site offices, advisory services, car parking, food and drink sales and other associated purposes.
extensive agriculture means any of the following—
(a)  the production of crops or fodder (including irrigated pasture and fodder crops) for commercial purposes,
(b)  the grazing of livestock (other than pigs and poultry) for commercial purposes on living grasses and other plants on the land as their primary source of dietary requirements, and any supplementary or emergency feeding, or temporary agistment or housing for weaning, dipping, tagging or similar husbandry purposes, of the livestock,
(c)  bee keeping,
(d)  a dairy (pasture-based) where the animals generally feed by grazing on living grasses and other plants on the land as their primary source of dietary requirements, and any supplementary or emergency feeding, or temporary agistment or housing for weaning, dipping, tagging or similar husbandry purposes, of the animals.
Note—
Extensive agriculture is a type of agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
extractive industry means the winning or removal of extractive materials (otherwise than from a mine) by methods such as excavating, dredging, tunnelling or quarrying, including the storing, stockpiling or processing of extractive materials by methods such as recycling, washing, crushing, sawing or separating, but does not include turf farming.
Note—
Extractive industries are not a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
extractive material means sand, soil, gravel, rock or similar substances that are not minerals within the meaning of the Mining Act 1992.
farm building means a structure the use of which is ancillary to an agricultural use of the landholding on which it is situated and includes a hay shed, stock holding yard, machinery shed, shearing shed, silo, storage tank, outbuilding or the like, but does not include a dwelling.
farm experience premises means a building or place—
(a)  on a commercial farm, and
(b)  ancillary to the farm, and
(c)  used to provide visitors to the farm, on a commercial basis, with small-scale and low-impact tourist or recreational activities, including the following, but not including motor sports—
(i)  horse riding,
(ii)  farm tours,
(iii)  functions or conferences,
(iv)  farm field days.
Note—
Farm experience premises are a type of agritourism—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
farm gate premises—
(a)  means a building or place—
(i)  on a commercial farm, and
(ii)  ancillary to the farm, and
(iii)  used to provide visitors to the farm, on a commercial basis, with agricultural products predominantly from the farm, supplemented by products from other farms in the region, or with services or activities related to the products, including the following—
(A)  processing, packaging and sale of the products, but not the processing of animals,
(B)  the preparation and serving, on a retail basis, of food and drink to people for consumption on the premises, whether or not liquor, take away meals and drinks or entertainment are also provided,
(C)  tastings or workshops,
(D)  the provision of information or education related to the products, and
(b)  includes cellar door premises.
Note—
Farm gate premises are a type of agritourism—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
farm stay accommodation means a building or place—
(a)  on a commercial farm, and
(b)  ancillary to the farm, and
(c)  used to provide temporary accommodation to paying guests of the farm, including in buildings or moveable dwellings.
Note—
Farm stay accommodation is a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
feedlot means a confined or restricted area that is operated on a commercial basis to rear and fatten cattle, sheep or other animals, but does not include a poultry farm, dairy or pig farm.
Note—
Feedlots are a type of intensive livestock agriculture. Intensive livestock agriculture does not include extensive agriculture. See the definitions of those terms in this Dictionary.
fill means the depositing of soil, rock or other similar extractive material obtained from the same or another site, but does not include—
(a)  the depositing of topsoil or feature rock imported to the site that is intended for use in garden landscaping, turf or garden bed establishment or top dressing of lawns and that does not significantly alter the shape, natural form or drainage of the land, or
(b)  the use of land as a waste disposal facility.
filming means recording images (whether on film or video tape or electronically or by other means) for exhibition or broadcast (such as by cinema, television or the internet or by other means), but does not include—
(a)  still photography, or
(b)  recording images of a wedding ceremony or other private celebration or event principally for the purpose of making a record for the participants in the ceremony, celebration or event, or
(c)  recording images as a visitor or tourist for non-commercial purposes, or
(d)  recording for the immediate purposes of a television program that provides information by way of current affairs or daily news.
fish has the same meaning as in the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
Definition of “fish”
(1)  
Fish means marine, estuarine or freshwater fish or other aquatic animal life at any stage of their life history (whether alive or dead).
(2)  
Fish includes—
(a)  oysters and other aquatic molluscs, and
(b)  crustaceans, and
(c)  echinoderms, and
(d)  beachworms and other aquatic polychaetes.
(3)  
Fish also includes any part of a fish.
(4)  
However, fish does not include whales, mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians or other things excluded from the definition by the regulations under the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
flood mitigation work means work designed and constructed for the express purpose of mitigating flood impacts. It involves changing the characteristics of flood behaviour to alter the level, location, volume, speed or timing of flood waters to mitigate flood impacts. Types of works may include excavation, construction or enlargement of any fill, wall, or levee that will alter riverine flood behaviour, local overland flooding, or tidal action so as to mitigate flood impacts.
floor space ratio—see clause 4.5.
Floor Space Ratio Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Floor Space Ratio Map. [Not adopted. See clause 4.4.]
food and drink premises means premises that are used for the preparation and retail sale of food or drink (or both) for immediate consumption on or off the premises, and includes any of the following—
(a)  a restaurant or cafe,
(b)  take away food and drink premises,
(c)  a pub,
(d)  a small bar.
Note—
Food and drink premises are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
forestry means forestry operations within the meaning of the Forestry Act 2012 or Part 5B of the Local Land Services Act 2013.
freight transport facility means a facility used principally for the bulk handling of goods for transport by road, rail, air or sea, including any facility for the loading and unloading of vehicles, aircraft, vessels or containers used to transport those goods and for the parking, holding, servicing or repair of those vehicles, aircraft or vessels or for the engines or carriages involved.
function centre means a building or place used for the holding of events, functions, conferences and the like, and includes convention centres, exhibition centres and reception centres, but does not include an entertainment facility.
funeral home means premises that are used to arrange, conduct and cater for funerals and memorial services, whether or not the premises include facilities for the short-term storage, dressing and viewing of bodies of deceased persons.
Note—
Funeral homes are a type of business premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
garden centre means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the retail sale of plants and landscaping and gardening supplies and equipment. It may include a restaurant or cafe and the sale of any of the following—
(a)  outdoor furniture and furnishings, barbecues, shading and awnings, pools, spas and associated supplies, and items associated with the construction and maintenance of outdoor areas,
(b)  pets and pet supplies,
(c)  fresh produce.
Note—
Garden centres are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
general industry means a building or place (other than a heavy industry or light industry) that is used to carry out an industrial activity.
Note—
General industries are a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
goods repair and reuse premises means a building or place the principal purpose of which is to collect, repair or refurbish goods, including furniture and appliances, for the purposes of sale, hire or swap, and includes premises known as op shops.
Note—
Goods repair and reuse premises are a type of business premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
gross floor area means the sum of the floor area of each floor of a building measured from the internal face of external walls, or from the internal face of walls separating the building from any other building, measured at a height of 1.4 metres above the floor, and includes—
(a)  the area of a mezzanine, and
(b)  habitable rooms in a basement or an attic, and
(c)  any shop, auditorium, cinema, and the like, in a basement or attic,
but excludes—
(d)  any area for common vertical circulation, such as lifts and stairs, and
(e)  any basement—
(i)  storage, and
(ii)  vehicular access, loading areas, garbage and services, and
(f)  plant rooms, lift towers and other areas used exclusively for mechanical services or ducting, and
(g)  car parking to meet any requirements of the consent authority (including access to that car parking), and
(h)  any space used for the loading or unloading of goods (including access to it), and
(i)  terraces and balconies with outer walls less than 1.4 metres high, and
(j)  voids above a floor at the level of a storey or storey above.
ground level (existing) means the existing level of a site at any point.
ground level (finished) means, for any point on a site, the ground surface after completion of any earthworks (excluding any excavation for a basement, footings or the like) for which consent has been granted or that is exempt development.
ground level (mean) means, for any site on which a building is situated or proposed, one half of the sum of the highest and lowest levels at ground level (finished) of the outer surface of the external walls of the building.
Groundwater Vulnerability Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Groundwater Vulnerability Map.
group home means a permanent group home or a transitional group home.
Note—
Group homes are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
group home (permanent) or permanent group home means a dwelling—
(a)  that is occupied by persons as a single household with or without paid supervision or care and whether or not those persons are related or payment for board and lodging is required, and
(b)  that is used to provide permanent household accommodation for people with a disability or people who are socially disadvantaged,
but does not include development to which State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021, Chapter 3, Part 5 applies.
Note—
Permanent group homes are a type of group home—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
group home (transitional) or transitional group home means a dwelling—
(a)  that is occupied by persons as a single household with or without paid supervision or care and whether or not those persons are related or payment for board and lodging is required, and
(b)  that is used to provide temporary accommodation for the relief or rehabilitation of people with a disability or for drug or alcohol rehabilitation purposes, or that is used to provide half-way accommodation for persons formerly living in institutions or temporary accommodation comprising refuges for men, women or young people,
but does not include development to which State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021, Chapter 3, Part 5 applies.
Note—
Transitional group homes are a type of group home—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hardware and building supplies means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the sale or hire of goods or materials, such as household fixtures, timber, tools, paint, wallpaper, plumbing supplies and the like, that are used in the construction and maintenance of buildings and adjacent outdoor areas.
Note—
Hardware and building supplies are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hazardous industry means a building or place used to carry out an industrial activity that would, when carried out and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the activity from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), pose a significant risk in the locality—
(a)  to human health, life or property, or
(b)  to the biophysical environment.
Note—
Hazardous industries are a type of heavy industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hazardous storage establishment means a building or place that is used for the storage of goods, materials or products and that would, when in operation and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the building or place from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), pose a significant risk in the locality—
(a)  to human health, life or property, or
(b)  to the biophysical environment.
Note—
Hazardous storage establishments are a type of heavy industrial storage establishment—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
headland includes a promontory extending from the general line of the coastline into a large body of water, such as a sea, coastal lake or bay.
health care professional means any person registered under an Act for the purpose of providing health care.
health consulting rooms means premises comprising one or more rooms within (or within the curtilage of) a dwelling house used by not more than 3 health care professionals at any one time.
Note—
Health consulting rooms are a type of health services facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
health services facility means a building or place used to provide medical or other services relating to the maintenance or improvement of the health, or the restoration to health, of persons or the prevention of disease in or treatment of injury to persons, and includes any of the following—
(a)  a medical centre,
(b)  community health service facilities,
(c)  health consulting rooms,
(d)  patient transport facilities, including helipads and ambulance facilities,
(e)  hospital.
heavy industrial storage establishment means a building or place used for the storage of goods, materials, plant or machinery for commercial purposes and that requires separation from other development because of the nature of the processes involved, or the goods, materials, plant or machinery stored, and includes any of the following—
(a)  a hazardous storage establishment,
(b)  a liquid fuel depot,
(c)  an offensive storage establishment.
heavy industry means a building or place used to carry out an industrial activity that requires separation from other development because of the nature of the processes involved, or the materials used, stored or produced, and includes—
(a)  hazardous industry, or
(b)  offensive industry.
It may also involve the use of a hazardous storage establishment or offensive storage establishment.
Note—
Heavy industries are a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
Height of Buildings Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Height of Buildings Map. [Not adopted. See clause 4.3.]
helipad means a place not open to the public used for the taking off and landing of helicopters.
heliport means a place open to the public that is used for the taking off and landing of helicopters, whether or not it includes—
(a)  a terminal building, or
(b)  facilities for the parking, storage or repair of helicopters.
Note—
Heliports are a type of air transport facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
heritage conservation area means an area of land of heritage significance—
(a)  shown on the Heritage Map as a heritage conservation area, and
(b)  the location and nature of which is described in Schedule 5,
and includes any heritage items situated on or within that area.
heritage conservation management plan means a document prepared in accordance with guidelines prepared by the Public Service agency responsible to the Minister administering the Heritage Act 1977 that documents the heritage significance of an item, place or heritage conservation area and identifies conservation policies and management mechanisms that are appropriate to enable that significance to be retained.
heritage impact statement means a document consisting of—
(a)  a statement demonstrating the heritage significance of a heritage item or heritage conservation area, and
(b)  an assessment of the impact that proposed development will have on that significance, and
(c)  proposals for measures to minimise that impact.
heritage item means a building, work, place, relic, tree, object or archaeological site the location and nature of which is described in Schedule 5.
Note—
An inventory of heritage items is also available at the office of the Council.
heritage management document means—
(a)  a heritage conservation management plan, or
(b)  a heritage impact statement, or
(c)  any other document that provides guidelines for the ongoing management and conservation of a heritage item, Aboriginal object, Aboriginal place of heritage significance or heritage conservation area.
Heritage Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Heritage Map.
heritage significance means historical, scientific, cultural, social, archaeological, architectural, natural or aesthetic value.
high technology industry means a building or place predominantly used to carry out an industrial activity that involves any of the following—
(a)  electronic or micro-electronic systems, goods or components,
(b)  information technology (such as computer software or hardware),
(c)  instrumentation or instruments of a scientific, industrial, technological, medical or similar nature,
(d)  biological, pharmaceutical, medical or paramedical systems, goods or components,
(e)  film, television or multi-media technologies, including any post production systems, goods or components,
(f)  telecommunications systems, goods or components,
(g)  sustainable energy technologies,
(h)  any other goods, systems or components intended for use in a science or technology related field,
and includes a data centre, but does not include a building or place used to carry out an industrial activity that presents a hazard or potential hazard to the neighbourhood or that, because of the scale and nature of the processes involved, interferes with the amenity of the neighbourhood.
Note—
High technology industries are a type of light industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
highway service centre means a building or place used to provide refreshments and vehicle services to highway users. It may include any one or more of the following—
(a)  a restaurant or cafe,
(b)  take away food and drink premises,
(c)  service stations and facilities for emergency vehicle towing and repairs,
(d)  parking for vehicles,
(e)  rest areas and public amenities.
home-based child care means a family day care residence (within the meaning of the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW)) at which the education and care service is provided at any one time to no more than 7 children (including any child of the person providing the service) all of whom are under the age of 13 years and no more than 4 of whom are children who do not ordinarily attend school.
Note 1—
A family day care residence is a residence at which a family day care educator educates and cares for children as part of a family day care service—see the Children (Education and Care Services) National Law (NSW).
Note 2—
Home-based child care is a type of early education and care facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
home business means a business, whether or not involving the sale of items online, carried on in a dwelling, or in a building ancillary to a dwelling, by 1 or more permanent residents of the dwelling and not involving the following—
(a)  the employment of more than 2 persons other than the residents,
(b)  interference with the amenity of the neighbourhood because of the emission of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, vapour, steam, soot, ash, dust, waste water, waste products, grit or oil, traffic generation or otherwise,
(c)  the exposure to view, from adjacent premises or from a public place, of unsightly matter,
(d)  the exhibition of signage, other than a business identification sign,
(e)  the retail sale of, or the exposure or offer for retail sale of, items, whether goods or materials, not produced at the dwelling or building, other than by online retailing,
but does not include bed and breakfast accommodation, home occupation (sex services) or sex services premises.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the floor area used for a home business.
home industry means an industrial activity, whether or not involving the sale of items online, carried on in a dwelling, or in a building ancillary to a dwelling, by 1 or more permanent residents of the dwelling and not involving the following—
(a)  the employment of more than 2 persons other than the residents,
(b)  interference with the amenity of the neighbourhood because of the emission of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, vapour, steam, soot, ash, dust, waste water, waste products, grit or oil, traffic generation or otherwise,
(c)  the exposure to view, from adjacent premises or from a public place, of unsightly matter,
(d)  the exhibition of signage, other than a business identification sign,
(e)  the retail sale of, or the exposure or offer for retail sale of, items, whether goods or materials, not produced at the dwelling or building, other than by online retailing,
but does not include bed and breakfast accommodation or sex services premises.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the floor area used for a home industry.
Home industries are a type of light industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
home occupation means an occupation that is carried on in a dwelling, or in a building ancillary to a dwelling, by one or more permanent residents of the dwelling and that does not involve—
(a)  the employment of persons other than those residents, or
(b)  interference with the amenity of the neighbourhood by reason of the emission of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, vapour, steam, soot, ash, dust, waste water, waste products, grit or oil, traffic generation or otherwise, or
(c)  the display of goods, whether in a window or otherwise, or
(d)  the exhibition of any signage (other than a business identification sign), or
(e)  the sale of items (whether goods or materials), or the exposure or offer for sale of items, by retail,
but does not include bed and breakfast accommodation, home occupation (sex services) or sex services premises.
home occupation (sex services) means the provision of sex services in a dwelling that is a brothel, or in a building that is a brothel and is ancillary to such a dwelling, by no more than 2 permanent residents of the dwelling and that does not involve—
(a)  the employment of persons other than those residents, or
(b)  interference with the amenity of the neighbourhood by reason of the emission of noise, traffic generation or otherwise, or
(c)  the exhibition of any signage, or
(d)  the sale of items (whether goods or materials), or the exposure or offer for sale of items, by retail,
but does not include a home business or sex services premises.
horticulture means the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, cut flowers and foliage and nursery products for commercial purposes, but does not include a plant nursery, turf farming or viticulture.
Note—
Horticulture is a type of intensive plant agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hospital means a building or place used for the purpose of providing professional health care services (such as preventative or convalescent care, diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment, psychiatric care or care for people with disabilities, or counselling services provided by health care professionals) to people admitted as in-patients (whether or not out-patients are also cared for or treated there), and includes ancillary facilities for (or that consist of) any of the following—
(a)  day surgery, day procedures or health consulting rooms,
(b)  accommodation for nurses or other health care workers,
(c)  accommodation for persons receiving health care or for their visitors,
(d)  shops, kiosks, restaurants or cafes or take away food and drink premises,
(e)  patient transport facilities, including helipads, ambulance facilities and car parking,
(f)  educational purposes or any other health-related use,
(g)  research purposes (whether or not carried out by hospital staff or health care workers or for commercial purposes),
(h)  chapels,
(i)  hospices,
(j)  mortuaries.
Note—
Hospitals are a type of health services facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hostel means premises that are generally staffed by social workers or support providers and at which—
(a)  residential accommodation is provided in dormitories, or on a single or shared basis, or by a combination of them, and
(b)  cooking, dining, laundering, cleaning and other facilities are provided on a shared basis.
Note—
Hostels are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
hotel or motel accommodation means a building or place (whether or not licensed premises under the Liquor Act 2007) that provides temporary or short-term accommodation on a commercial basis and that—
(a)  comprises rooms or self-contained suites, and
(b)  may provide meals to guests or the general public and facilities for the parking of guests’ vehicles,
but does not include backpackers’ accommodation, a boarding house, bed and breakfast accommodation or farm stay accommodation.
Note—
Hotel or motel accommodation is a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
independent living unit means a dwelling or part of a building, whether or not attached to another dwelling—
(a)  used to house seniors or people with a disability, and
(b)  containing private facilities for cooking, sleeping and bathing, and
(c)  where clothes washing facilities or other facilities for use in connection with the dwelling or part of a building may be provided on a shared basis,
but does not include a hostel.
Note—
Independent living units are a type of seniors housing—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
industrial activity means the manufacturing, production, assembling, altering, formulating, repairing, renovating, ornamenting, finishing, cleaning, washing, dismantling, transforming, processing, recycling, adapting or servicing of, or the research and development of, any goods, substances, food, products or articles for commercial purposes, and includes any storage or transportation associated with any such activity.
industrial retail outlet means a building or place that—
(a)  is used in conjunction with an industry (other than an artisan food and drink industry) or rural industry, and
(b)  is situated on the land on which the industry or rural industry is located, and
(c)  is used for the display or sale (whether by retail or wholesale) of only those goods that have been manufactured on the land on which the industry or rural industry is located,
but does not include a warehouse or distribution centre.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the retail floor area of an industrial retail outlet.
industrial training facility means a building or place used in connection with vocational training in an activity (such as forklift or truck driving, welding or carpentry) that is associated with an industry, rural industry, extractive industry or mining, but does not include an educational establishment, business premises or retail premises.
industry means any of the following—
(a)  general industry,
(b)  heavy industry,
(c)  light industry,
but does not include—
(d)  rural industry, or
(e)  extractive industry, or
(f)  mining.
information and education facility means a building or place used for providing information or education to visitors, and the exhibition or display of items, and includes an art gallery, museum, library, visitor information centre and the like.
intensive livestock agriculture means the keeping or breeding, for commercial purposes, of cattle, poultry, pigs, goats, horses, sheep or other livestock, and includes any of the following—
(a)  dairies (restricted),
(b)  feedlots,
(c)  pig farms,
(d)  poultry farms,
but does not include extensive agriculture, aquaculture or the operation of facilities for drought or similar emergency relief.
Note—
Intensive livestock agriculture is a type of agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
intensive plant agriculture means any of the following—
(a)  the cultivation of irrigated crops for commercial purposes (other than irrigated pasture or fodder crops),
(b)  horticulture,
(c)  turf farming,
(d)  viticulture.
Note—
Intensive plant agriculture is a type of agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
jetty means a horizontal decked walkway providing access from the shore to the waterway and is generally constructed on a piered or piled foundation.
kiosk means premises that are used for the purposes of selling food, light refreshments and other small convenience items.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the gross floor area of a kiosk.
Kiosks are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
Land Application Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Land Application Map.
Land Reclassification (Part Lots) Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Land Reclassification (Part Lots) Map.
Land Reservation Acquisition Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Land Reservation Acquisition Map.
Land Zoning Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Land Zoning Map.
landholding means an area of land—
(a)  constituted or worked as a single property, and
(b)  if comprising more than 1 lot—the lots are—
(i)  contiguous, or
(ii)  separated only by a road or watercourse.
landscaped area means a part of a site used for growing plants, grasses and trees, but does not include any building, structure or hard paved area.
landscaping material supplies means a building or place used for the storage and sale of landscaping supplies such as soil, gravel, potting mix, mulch, sand, railway sleepers, screenings, rock and the like.
Note—
Landscaping material supplies are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
light industry means a building or place used to carry out an industrial activity that does not interfere with the amenity of the neighbourhood by reason of noise, vibration, smell, fumes, smoke, vapour, steam, soot, ash, dust, waste water, waste products, grit or oil, or otherwise, and includes any of the following—
(a)  high technology industry,
(b)  home industry,
(c)  artisan food and drink industry,
(d)  creative industry.
Note—
Light industries are a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
liquid fuel depot means premises used for the bulk storage of petrol, oil, petroleum or other inflammable liquid for wholesale distribution and at which no retail trade is conducted.
Note—
Liquid fuel depots are a type of heavy industrial storage establishment—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
livestock processing industry means a building or place used for the commercial production of products derived from the slaughter of animals (including poultry) or the processing of skins or wool of animals and includes abattoirs, knackeries, tanneries, woolscours and rendering plants.
Note—
Livestock processing industries are a type of rural industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
local distribution premises means a building or place used for the storage or handling of items (whether goods or materials) pending their delivery to people and businesses in the local area, but from which no retail sales are made.
Lot Size Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Lot Size Map.
maintenance, in relation to a heritage item, Aboriginal object or Aboriginal place of heritage significance, or a building, work, archaeological site, tree or place within a heritage conservation area, means ongoing protective care, but does not include the removal or disturbance of existing fabric, alterations (such as carrying out extensions or additions) or the introduction of new materials or technology.
manufactured home has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
marina means a permanent boat storage facility (whether located wholly on land, wholly on a waterway or partly on land and partly on a waterway), and includes any of the following associated facilities—
(a)  any facility for the construction, repair, maintenance, storage, sale or hire of boats,
(b)  any facility for providing fuelling, sewage pump-out or other services for boats,
(c)  any facility for launching or landing boats, such as slipways or hoists,
(d)  any car parking or commercial, tourist or recreational or club facility that is ancillary to the boat storage facility,
(e)  any berthing or mooring facilities.
market means an open-air area, or an existing building, that is used for the purpose of selling, exposing or offering goods, merchandise or materials for sale by independent stall holders, and includes temporary structures and existing permanent structures used for that purpose on an intermittent or occasional basis.
Note—
Markets are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
mean high water mark means the position where the plane of the mean high water level of all ordinary local high tides intersects the foreshore, being 1.44m above the zero of Fort Denison Tide Gauge and 0.515m Australian Height Datum.
medical centre means premises that are used for the purpose of providing health services (including preventative care, diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment, counselling or alternative therapies) to out-patients only, where such services are principally provided by health care professionals. It may include the ancillary provision of other health services.
Note—
Medical centres are a type of health services facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
mezzanine means an intermediate floor within a room.
mine means any place (including any excavation) where an operation is carried on for mining of any mineral by any method and any place on which any mining related work is carried out, but does not include a place used only for extractive industry.
mine subsidence district means a mine subsidence district proclaimed under section 15 of the Mine Subsidence Compensation Act 1961.
mining means mining carried out under the Mining Act 1992 or the recovery of minerals under the Offshore Minerals Act 1999, and includes—
(a)  the construction, operation and decommissioning of associated works, and
(b)  the rehabilitation of land affected by mining.
Note—
Mining is not a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
mixed use development means a building or place comprising 2 or more different land uses.
mooring means a detached or freestanding apparatus located on or in a waterway and that is capable of securing a vessel, but does not include a mooring pen.
mooring pen means an arrangement of freestanding piles or other restraining devices designed or used for the purpose of berthing a vessel.
mortuary means premises that are used, or intended to be used, for the receiving, preparation, embalming and storage of bodies of deceased persons pending their interment or cremation.
moveable dwelling has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
moveable dwelling means—
(a)  any tent, or any caravan or other van or other portable device (whether on wheels or not), used for human habitation, or
(b)  a manufactured home, or
(c)  any conveyance, structure or thing of a class or description prescribed by the regulations (under the Local Government Act 1993) for the purposes of this definition.
multi dwelling housing means 3 or more dwellings (whether attached or detached) on one lot of land, each with access at ground level, but does not include a residential flat building.
Note—
Multi dwelling housing is a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
native fauna means any animal-life that is indigenous to New South Wales or is known to periodically or occasionally migrate to New South Wales, whether vertebrate (including fish) or invertebrate and in any stage of biological development, but does not include humans.
native flora means any plant-life that is indigenous to New South Wales, whether vascular or non-vascular and in any stage of biological development, and includes fungi and lichens, and marine vegetation within the meaning of Part 7A of the Fisheries Management Act 1994.
native vegetation has the same meaning as in Part 5A of the Local Land Services Act 2013.
Natural Resources Sensitivity—Land Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Natural Resources Sensitivity—Land Map.
navigable waterway means any waterway that is from time to time capable of navigation and is open to or used by the public for navigation, but does not include flood waters that have temporarily flowed over the established bank of a watercourse.
neighbourhood shop means premises used for the purposes of selling general merchandise such as foodstuffs, personal care products, newspapers and the like to provide for the day-to-day needs of people who live or work in the local area, but does not include neighbourhood supermarkets or restricted premises.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the retail floor area of neighbourhood shops.
Neighbourhood shops are a type of shop—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
neighbourhood supermarket means premises the principal purpose of which is the sale of groceries and foodstuffs to provide for the needs of people who live or work in the local area.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the gross floor area of neighbourhood supermarkets.
Neighbourhood supermarkets are a type of shop—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
nominated State heritage item means a heritage item that—
(a)  has been identified as an item of State significance in a publicly exhibited heritage study adopted by the Council, and
(b)  the Council has, by notice in writing to the Heritage Council, nominated as an item of potential State significance.
non-potable water means water that does not meet the standards or values for drinking water recommended from time to time by the National Health and Medical Research Council.
offensive industry means a building or place used to carry out an industrial activity that would, when carried out and when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the activity from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), emit a polluting discharge (including, for example, noise) in a manner that would have a significant adverse impact in the locality or on existing or likely future development on other land in the locality.
Note—
Offensive industries are a type of heavy industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
offensive storage establishment means a building or place that is used for the storage of goods, materials or products and that would, when all measures proposed to reduce or minimise its impact on the locality have been employed (including, for example, measures to isolate the building or place from existing or likely future development on other land in the locality), emit a polluting discharge (including, for example, noise) in a manner that would have a significant adverse impact in the locality or on existing or likely future development on other land in the locality.
Note—
Offensive storage establishments are a type of heavy industrial storage establishment—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
office premises means a building or place used for the purpose of administrative, clerical, technical, professional or similar activities that do not include dealing with members of the public at the building or place on a direct and regular basis, except where such dealing is a minor activity (by appointment) that is ancillary to the main purpose for which the building or place is used.
Note—
Office premises are a type of commercial premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
open cut mining means mining carried out on, and by excavating, the earth’s surface, but does not include underground mining.
operational land has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
oyster aquaculture means the cultivation of any species of edible oyster for a commercial purpose.
Note—
Oyster aquaculture is a type of aquaculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
parking space means a space dedicated for the parking of a motor vehicle, including any manoeuvring space and access to it, but does not include a car park.
passenger transport facility means a building or place used for the assembly or dispersal of passengers by any form of transport, including facilities required for parking, manoeuvring, storage or routine servicing of any vehicle that uses the building or place.
people who are socially disadvantaged means—
(a)  people who are disadvantaged because of their alcohol or drug dependence, extreme poverty, psychological disorder or other similar disadvantage, or
(b)  people who require protection because of domestic violence or upheaval.
people with a disability means people of any age who, as a result of having an intellectual, psychiatric, sensory, physical or similar impairment, or a combination of such impairments, either permanently or for an extended period, have substantially limited opportunities to enjoy full and active lives.
pig farm means land that is used to keep or breed pigs for animal production, whether an indoor, outdoor, free-range or other type of operation.
Note—
Pig farms are a type of intensive livestock agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
place of public worship means a building or place used for the purpose of religious worship by a congregation or religious group, whether or not the building or place is also used for counselling, social events, instruction or religious training.
plant nursery means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the retail sale of plants that are grown or propagated on site or on an adjacent site. It may include the on-site sale of any such plants by wholesale and, if ancillary to the principal purpose for which the building or place is used, the sale of landscape and gardening supplies and equipment and the storage of these items.
Note—
Plant nurseries are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
pond-based aquaculture means aquaculture undertaken predominantly in ponds, raceways or dams (including any part of the aquaculture undertaken in tanks such as during the hatchery or depuration phases), but not including natural water-based aquaculture.
Note—
Pond-based aquaculture is a type of aquaculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary. Typical pond-based aquaculture is the pond culture of prawns, yabbies or silver perch.
port facilities means any of the following facilities at or in the vicinity of a designated port within the meaning of section 47 of the Ports and Maritime Administration Act 1995—
(a)  facilities for the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers onto or from any vessels, including public ferry wharves,
(b)  facilities for the loading or unloading of freight onto or from vessels and associated receival, land transport and storage facilities,
(c)  wharves for commercial fishing operations,
(d)  refuelling, launching, berthing, mooring, storage or maintenance facilities for any vessel,
(e)  sea walls or training walls,
(f)  administration buildings, communication, security and power supply facilities, roads, rail lines, pipelines, fencing, lighting or car parks.
potable water means water that meets the standards or values for drinking water recommended from time to time by the National Health and Medical Research Council.
poultry farm means land that is used to keep or breed poultry for animal production, whether for meat or egg production (or both) and whether an indoor, outdoor, free-range or other type of operation.
Note—
Poultry farms are a type of intensive livestock agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
primitive camping ground means a camping ground approved under the Local Government Act 1993, Chapter 7, Part 1 as a primitive camping ground.
Note—
Primitive camping ground is a type of camping ground—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
private open space means an area external to a building (including an area of land, terrace, balcony or deck) that is used for private outdoor purposes ancillary to the use of the building.
property vegetation plan mean a property vegetation plan approved under Part 4 of the Native Vegetation Act 2003 before the repeal of that Act (as continued in force by the regulations under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016).
pub means licensed premises under the Liquor Act 2007 the principal purpose of which is the retail sale of liquor for consumption on the premises, whether or not the premises include hotel or motel accommodation and whether or not food is sold or entertainment is provided on the premises.
Note—
Pubs are a type of food and drink premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
public administration building means a building used as offices or for administrative or other like purposes by the Crown, a statutory body, a council or an organisation established for public purposes, and includes a courthouse or a police station.
public authority has the same meaning as in the Act.
public land has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
public reserve has the same meaning as in the Local Government Act 1993.
public utility infrastructure, in relation to an urban release area, includes infrastructure for any of the following—
(a)  the supply of water,
(b)  the supply of electricity,
(c)  the disposal and management of sewage.
public utility undertaking means any of the following undertakings carried on or permitted to be carried on by or by authority of any Public Service agency or under the authority of or in pursuance of any Commonwealth or State Act—
(a)  railway, road transport, water transport, air transport, wharf or river undertakings,
(b)  undertakings for the supply of water, hydraulic power, electricity or gas or the provision of sewerage or drainage services,
and a reference to a person carrying on a public utility undertaking includes a reference to a council, electricity supply authority, Public Service agency, corporation, firm or authority carrying on the undertaking.
rainwater tank means a tank designed for the storage of rainwater gathered on the land on which the tank is situated.
recreation area means a place used for outdoor recreation that is normally open to the public, and includes—
(a)  a children’s playground, or
(b)  an area used for community sporting activities, or
(c)  a public park, reserve or garden or the like,
and any ancillary buildings, but does not include a recreation facility (indoor), recreation facility (major) or recreation facility (outdoor).
recreation facility (indoor) means a building or place used predominantly for indoor recreation, whether or not operated for the purposes of gain, including a squash court, indoor swimming pool, gymnasium, table tennis centre, health studio, bowling alley, ice rink or any other building or place of a like character used for indoor recreation, but does not include an entertainment facility, a recreation facility (major) or a registered club.
recreation facility (major) means a building or place used for large-scale sporting or recreation activities that are attended by large numbers of people whether regularly or periodically, and includes theme parks, sports stadiums, showgrounds, racecourses and motor racing tracks.
recreation facility (outdoor) means a building or place (other than a recreation area) used predominantly for outdoor recreation, whether or not operated for the purposes of gain, including a golf course, golf driving range, mini-golf centre, tennis court, paint-ball centre, lawn bowling green, outdoor swimming pool, equestrian centre, skate board ramp, go-kart track, rifle range, water-ski centre or any other building or place of a like character used for outdoor recreation (including any ancillary buildings), but does not include an entertainment facility or a recreation facility (major).
Reduced Level (RL) means height above the Australian Height Datum, being the datum surface approximating mean sea level that was adopted by the National Mapping Council of Australia in May 1971.
registered club means a club that holds a club licence under the Liquor Act 2007.
registered community housing provider has the same meaning as in the Community Housing Providers (Adoption of National Law) Act 2012, section 13.
relic has the same meaning as in the Heritage Act 1977.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
relic means any deposit, artefact, object or material evidence that—
(a)  relates to the settlement of the area that comprises New South Wales, not being Aboriginal settlement, and
(b)  is of State or local heritage significance.
research station means a building or place operated by a public authority for the principal purpose of agricultural, environmental, fisheries, forestry, minerals or soil conservation research, and includes any associated facility for education, training, administration or accommodation.
residential accommodation means a building or place used predominantly as a place of residence, and includes any of the following—
(a)  attached dwellings,
(b)  boarding houses,
(baa)  co-living housing,
(c)  dual occupancies,
(d)  dwelling houses,
(e)  group homes,
(f)  hostels,
(faa)    (Repealed)
(g)  multi dwelling housing,
(h)  residential flat buildings,
(i)  rural workers’ dwellings,
(j)  secondary dwellings,
(k)  semi-detached dwellings,
(l)  seniors housing,
(m)  shop top housing,
but does not include tourist and visitor accommodation or caravan parks.
residential care facility means accommodation for seniors or people with a disability that includes—
(a)  meals and cleaning services, and
(b)  personal care or nursing care, or both, and
(c)  appropriate staffing, furniture, furnishings and equipment for the provision of that accommodation and care,
but does not include a dwelling, hostel, hospital or psychiatric facility.
Note—
Residential care facilities are a type of seniors housing—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
residential flat building means a building containing 3 or more dwellings, but does not include an attached dwelling, co-living housing or multi dwelling housing.
Note—
Residential flat buildings are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
resource recovery facility means a building or place used for the recovery of resources from waste, including works or activities such as separating and sorting, processing or treating the waste, composting, temporary storage, transfer or sale of recovered resources, energy generation from gases and water treatment, but not including re-manufacture or disposal of the material by landfill or incineration.
Note—
Resource recovery facilities are a type of waste or resource management facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
respite day care centre means a building or place that is used for the care of seniors or people who have a disability and that does not provide overnight accommodation for people other than those related to the owner or operator of the centre.
restaurant or cafe means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the preparation and serving, on a retail basis, of food and drink to people for consumption on the premises, whether or not liquor, take away meals and drinks or entertainment are also provided, but does not include the preparation and serving of food and drink to people that occurs as part of—
(a)  an artisan food and drink industry, or
(b)  farm gate premises.
Note—
Restaurants or cafes are a type of food and drink premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
restricted premises means premises that, due to their nature, restrict access to patrons or customers over 18 years of age, and includes sex shops and similar premises, but does not include a pub, hotel or motel accommodation, home occupation (sex services) or sex services premises.
restriction facilities means facilities where animals are constrained for management purposes, including milking sheds, pads, feed stalls, holding yards and paddocks where the number of livestock exceeds the ability of vegetation to recover from the effects of grazing in a normal growing season, but does not include facilities for drought or similar emergency relief.
retail premises means a building or place used for the purpose of selling items by retail, or hiring or displaying items for the purpose of selling them or hiring them out, whether the items are goods or materials (or whether also sold by wholesale), and includes any of the following—
(a), (b)    (Repealed)
(c)  food and drink premises,
(d)  garden centres,
(e)  hardware and building supplies,
(f)  kiosks,
(g)  landscaping material supplies,
(h)  markets,
(i)  plant nurseries,
(j)  roadside stalls,
(k)  rural supplies,
(l)  shops,
(la)  specialised retail premises,
(m)  timber yards,
(n)  vehicle sales or hire premises,
but does not include farm gate premises, highway service centres, service stations, industrial retail outlets or restricted premises.
Note—
Retail premises are a type of commercial premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
Riparian Lands and Watercourses Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Riparian Lands and Watercourses Map.
road means a public road or a private road within the meaning of the Roads Act 1993, and includes a classified road.
roadside stall means a place or temporary structure used for the retail sale of agricultural produce or hand crafted goods (or both) produced from the property on which the stall is situated or from an adjacent property.
Note—
See clause 5.4 for controls relating to the gross floor area of roadside stalls.
Roadside stalls are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
rural industry means the handling, treating, production, processing, storage or packing of animal or plant agricultural products for commercial purposes, and includes any of the following—
(a)  agricultural produce industries,
(b)  livestock processing industries,
(c)  composting facilities and works (including the production of mushroom substrate),
(d)  sawmill or log processing works,
(e)  stock and sale yards,
(f)  the regular servicing or repairing of plant or equipment used for the purposes of a rural enterprise.
Note—
Rural industries are not a type of industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
rural supplies means a building or place used for the display, sale or hire of stockfeeds, grains, seed, fertilizers, veterinary supplies and other goods or materials used in farming and primary industry production.
Note—
Rural supplies are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
rural worker’s dwelling means a building or place that is additional to a dwelling house on the same lot and that is used predominantly as a place of residence by persons employed, whether on a long-term or short-term basis, for the purpose of agriculture or a rural industry on that land.
Note—
Rural workers’ dwellings are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
sawmill or log processing works means a building or place used for handling, cutting, chipping, pulping or otherwise processing logs, baulks, branches or stumps, principally derived from surrounding districts, into timber or other products derived from wood.
Note—
Sawmill or log processing works are a type of rural industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
school means a government school or non-government school within the meaning of the Education Act 1990.
Note—
Schools are a type of educational establishment—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
school-based child care means a building or place within a school that is used to provide out-of-school-hours care (including vacation care) for school children only.
Note 1—
Accordingly, a building or place within a school that is used to provide out-of-school-hours care for both school children and pre-school children is not school-based child care.
Note 2—
School-based child care is a type of early education and care facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
secondary dwelling means a self-contained dwelling that—
(a)  is established in conjunction with another dwelling (the principal dwelling), and
(b)  is on the same lot of land as the principal dwelling, and
(c)  is located within, or is attached to, or is separate from, the principal dwelling.
Note—
See clauses 5.4 and 5.5 for controls relating to the total floor area of secondary dwellings.
Secondary dwellings are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
self-storage units means premises that consist of individual enclosed compartments for storing goods or materials (other than hazardous or offensive goods or materials).
Note—
Self-storage units are a type of storage premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
semi-detached dwelling means a dwelling that is on its own lot of land and is attached to only one other dwelling.
Note—
Semi-detached dwellings are a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
seniors housing means a building or place that is—
(a)  a residential care facility, or
(b)  a hostel within the meaning of State Environmental Planning Policy (Housing) 2021, Chapter 3, Part 5, or
(c)  a group of independent living units, or
(d)  a combination of any of the buildings or places referred to in paragraphs (a)–(c),
and that is, or is intended to be, used permanently for—
(e)  seniors or people who have a disability, or
(f)  people who live in the same household with seniors or people who have a disability, or
(g)  staff employed to assist in the administration of the building or place or in the provision of services to persons living in the building or place,
but does not include a hospital.
Note—
Seniors housing is a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
service station means a building or place used for the sale by retail of fuels and lubricants for motor vehicles, whether or not the building or place is also used for any one or more of the following—
(a)  the ancillary sale by retail of spare parts and accessories for motor vehicles,
(b)  the cleaning of motor vehicles,
(c)  installation of accessories,
(d)  inspecting, repairing and servicing of motor vehicles (other than body building, panel beating, spray painting, or chassis restoration),
(e)  the ancillary retail selling or hiring of general merchandise or services or both.
serviced apartment means a building (or part of a building) providing self-contained accommodation to tourists or visitors on a commercial basis and that is regularly serviced or cleaned by the owner or manager of the building or part of the building or the owner’s or manager’s agents.
Note—
Serviced apartments are a type of tourist and visitor accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
sewage reticulation system means a building or place used for the collection and transfer of sewage to a sewage treatment plant or water recycling facility for treatment, or transfer of the treated waste for use or disposal, including associated—
(a)  pipelines and tunnels, and
(b)  pumping stations, and
(c)  dosing facilities, and
(d)  odour control works, and
(e)  sewage overflow structures, and
(f)  vent stacks.
Note—
Sewage reticulation systems are a type of sewerage system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
sewage treatment plant means a building or place used for the treatment and disposal of sewage, whether or not the facility supplies recycled water for use as an alternative water supply.
Note—
Sewage treatment plants are a type of sewerage system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
sewerage system means any of the following—
(a)  biosolids treatment facility,
(b)  sewage reticulation system,
(c)  sewage treatment plant,
(d)  water recycling facility,
(e)  a building or place that is a combination of any of the things referred to in paragraphs (a)–(d).
sex services means sexual acts or sexual services in exchange for payment.
sex services premises means a brothel, but does not include home occupation (sex services).
shop means premises that sell merchandise such as groceries, personal care products, clothing, music, homewares, stationery, electrical goods or the like or that hire any such merchandise, and includes a neighbourhood shop and neighbourhood supermarket, but does not include food and drink premises or restricted premises.
Note—
Shops are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
shop top housing means one or more dwellings located above the ground floor of a building, where at least the ground floor is used for commercial premises or health services facilities.
Note—
Shop top housing is a type of residential accommodation—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
signage means any sign, notice, device, representation or advertisement that advertises or promotes any goods, services or events and any structure or vessel that is principally designed for, or that is used for, the display of signage, and includes any of the following—
(a)  an advertising structure,
(b)  a building identification sign,
(c)  a business identification sign,
but does not include a traffic sign or traffic control facilities.
site area means the area of any land on which development is or is to be carried out. The land may include the whole or part of one lot, or more than one lot if they are contiguous to each other, but does not include the area of any land on which development is not permitted to be carried out under this Plan.
Note—
The effect of this definition is varied by clause 4.5 for the purpose of the determination of permitted floor space area for proposed development.
site coverage means the proportion of a site area covered by buildings. However, the following are not included for the purpose of calculating site coverage—
(a)  any basement,
(b)  any part of an awning that is outside the outer walls of a building and that adjoins the street frontage or other site boundary,
(c)  any eaves,
(d)  unenclosed balconies, decks, pergolas and the like.
small bar means a small bar within the meaning of the Liquor Act 2007.
Note—
Small bars are a type of food and drink premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
spa pool has the same meaning as in the Swimming Pools Act 1992.
Note—
The term is defined to include any excavation, structure or vessel in the nature of a spa pool, flotation tank, tub or the like.
specialised retail premises means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the sale, hire or display of goods that are of a size, weight or quantity, that requires—
(a)  a large area for handling, display or storage, or
(b)  direct vehicular access to the site of the building or place by members of the public for the purpose of loading or unloading such goods into or from their vehicles after purchase or hire,
but does not include a building or place used for the sale of foodstuffs or clothing unless their sale is ancillary to the sale, hire or display of other goods referred to in this definition.
Note—
Examples of goods that may be sold at specialised retail premises include automotive parts and accessories, household appliances and fittings, furniture, homewares, office equipment, outdoor and recreation equipment, pet supplies and party supplies.
Specialised retail premises are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
stock and sale yard means a building or place that is used on a commercial basis for the purpose of offering livestock or poultry for sale and that may be used for the short-term storage and watering of stock.
Note—
Stock and sale yards are a type of rural industry—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
storage premises means a building or place used for the storage of goods, materials, plant or machinery for commercial purposes and where the storage is not ancillary to any industry, business premises or retail premises on the same parcel of land, and includes self-storage units, but does not include a heavy industrial storage establishment, local distribution premises or a warehouse or distribution centre.
storey means a space within a building that is situated between one floor level and the floor level next above, or if there is no floor above, the ceiling or roof above, but does not include—
(a)  a space that contains only a lift shaft, stairway or meter room, or
(b)  a mezzanine, or
(c)  an attic.
swimming pool has the same meaning as in the Swimming Pools Act 1992.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
swimming pool means an excavation, structure or vessel—
(a)  that is capable of being filled with water to a depth of 300 millimetres or more, and
(b)  that is solely or principally used, or that is designed, manufactured or adapted to be solely or principally used, for the purpose of swimming, wading, paddling or any other human aquatic activity,
and includes a spa pool, but does not include a spa bath, anything that is situated within a bathroom or anything declared by the regulations made under the Swimming Pools Act 1992 not to be a swimming pool for the purposes of that Act.
take away food and drink premises means premises that are predominantly used for the preparation and retail sale of food or drink (or both) for immediate consumption away from the premises.
Note—
Take away food and drink premises are a type of food and drink premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
tank-based aquaculture means aquaculture undertaken exclusively in tanks, but not including natural water-based aquaculture.
Note—
Tank-based aquaculture is a type of aquaculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary. Typical tank-based aquaculture is the tank culture of barramundi or abalone.
telecommunications facility means—
(a)  any part of the infrastructure of a telecommunications network, or
(b)  any line, cable, optical fibre, fibre access node, interconnect point equipment, apparatus, tower, mast, antenna, dish, tunnel, duct, hole, pit, pole or other structure in connection with a telecommunications network, or
(c)  any other thing used in or in connection with a telecommunications network.
telecommunications network means a system, or series of systems, that carries, or is capable of carrying, communications by means of guided or unguided electromagnetic energy, or both.
temporary structure has the same meaning as in the Act.
Note—
The term is defined as follows—
temporary structure includes a booth, tent or other temporary enclosure (whether or not part of the booth, tent or enclosure is permanent), and also includes a mobile structure.
Terrestrial Biodiversity Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Terrestrial Biodiversity Map.
the Act means the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979.
timber yard means a building or place the principal purpose of which is the sale of sawn, dressed or treated timber, wood fibre boards or similar timber products. It may include the cutting of such timber, boards or products to order and the sale of hardware, paint, tools and materials used in conjunction with the use and treatment of timber.
Note—
Timber yards are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
tourist and visitor accommodation means a building or place that provides temporary or short-term accommodation on a commercial basis, and includes any of the following—
(a)  backpackers’ accommodation,
(b)  bed and breakfast accommodation,
(c)  farm stay accommodation,
(d)  hotel or motel accommodation,
(e)  serviced apartments,
but does not include—
(f)  camping grounds, or
(g)  caravan parks, or
(h)  eco-tourist facilities.
transport depot means a building or place used for the parking or servicing of motor powered or motor drawn vehicles used in connection with a business, industry, shop or passenger or freight transport undertaking.
truck depot means a building or place used for the servicing and parking of trucks, earthmoving machinery and the like.
turf farming means the commercial cultivation of turf for sale and the removal of turf for that purpose.
Note—
Turf farming is a type of intensive plant agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
underground mining means—
(a)  mining carried out beneath the earth’s surface, including bord and pillar mining, longwall mining, top-level caving, sub-level caving and auger mining, and
(b)  shafts, drill holes, gas and water drainage works, surface rehabilitation works and access pits associated with that mining (whether carried out on or beneath the earth’s surface),
but does not include open cut mining.
urban release area means the area of land identified as “Urban Release Area” on the Urban Release Area Map.
Urban Release Area Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Urban Release Area Map.
vehicle body repair workshop means a building or place used for the repair of vehicles or agricultural machinery, involving body building, panel building, panel beating, spray painting or chassis restoration.
vehicle repair station means a building or place used for the purpose of carrying out repairs to, or the selling and fitting of accessories to, vehicles or agricultural machinery, but does not include a vehicle body repair workshop or vehicle sales or hire premises.
vehicle sales or hire premises means a building or place used for the display, sale or hire of motor vehicles, caravans, boats, trailers, agricultural machinery and the like, whether or not accessories are sold or displayed there.
Note—
Vehicle sales or hire premises are a type of retail premises—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
veterinary hospital means a building or place used for diagnosing or surgically or medically treating animals, whether or not animals are kept on the premises for the purpose of treatment.
viticulture means the cultivation of grapes for use in the commercial production of fresh or dried fruit or wine.
Note—
Viticulture is a type of intensive plant agriculture—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
warehouse or distribution centre means a building or place used mainly or exclusively for storing or handling items (whether goods or materials) pending their sale, but from which no retail sales are made, but does not include local distribution premises.
waste disposal facility means a building or place used for the disposal of waste by landfill, incineration or other means, including such works or activities as recycling, resource recovery and other resource management activities, energy generation from gases, leachate management, odour control and the winning of extractive material to generate a void for disposal of waste or to cover waste after its disposal.
Note—
Waste disposal facilities are a type of waste or resource management facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
waste or resource management facility means any of the following—
(a)  a resource recovery facility,
(b)  a waste disposal facility,
(c)  a waste or resource transfer station,
(d)  a building or place that is a combination of any of the things referred to in paragraphs (a)–(c).
waste or resource transfer station means a building or place used for the collection and transfer of waste material or resources, including the receipt, sorting, compacting, temporary storage and distribution of waste or resources and the loading or unloading of waste or resources onto or from road or rail transport.
Note—
Waste or resource transfer stations are a type of waste or resource management facility—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
water recreation structure means a structure used primarily for recreational purposes that has a direct structural connection between the shore and the waterway, and may include a pier, wharf, jetty or boat launching ramp.
water recycling facility means a building or place used for the treatment of sewage effluent, stormwater or waste water for use as an alternative supply to mains water, groundwater or river water (including, in particular, sewer mining works), whether the facility stands alone or is associated with other development, and includes associated—
(a)  retention structures, and
(b)  treatment works, and
(c)  irrigation schemes.
Note—
Water recycling facilities are a type of sewerage system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
water reticulation system means a building or place used for the transport of water, including pipes, tunnels, canals, pumping stations, related electricity infrastructure and dosing facilities.
Note—
Water reticulation systems are a type of water supply system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
water storage facility means a dam, weir or reservoir for the collection and storage of water, and includes associated monitoring or gauging equipment.
Note—
Water storage facilities are a type of water supply system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
water supply system means any of the following—
(a)  a water reticulation system,
(b)  a water storage facility,
(c)  a water treatment facility,
(d)  a building or place that is a combination of any of the things referred to in paragraphs (a)–(c).
water treatment facility means a building or place used for the treatment of water (such as a desalination plant or a recycled or reclaimed water plant) whether the water produced is potable or not, and includes residuals treatment, storage and disposal facilities, but does not include a water recycling facility.
Note—
Water treatment facilities are a type of water supply system—see the definition of that term in this Dictionary.
waterbody means a waterbody (artificial) or waterbody (natural).
waterbody (artificial) or artificial waterbody means an artificial body of water, including any constructed waterway, canal, inlet, bay, channel, dam, pond, lake or artificial wetland, but does not include a dry detention basin or other stormwater management construction that is only intended to hold water intermittently.
waterbody (natural) or natural waterbody means a natural body of water, whether perennial or intermittent, fresh, brackish or saline, the course of which may have been artificially modified or diverted onto a new course, and includes a river, creek, stream, lake, lagoon, natural wetland, estuary, bay, inlet or tidal waters (including the sea).
watercourse means any river, creek, stream or chain of ponds, whether artificially modified or not, in which water usually flows, either continuously or intermittently, in a defined bed or channel, but does not include a waterbody (artificial).
waterway means the whole or any part of a watercourse, wetland, waterbody (artificial) or waterbody (natural).
wetland means—
(a)  natural wetland, including marshes, mangroves, backwaters, billabongs, swamps, sedgelands, wet meadows or wet heathlands that form a shallow waterbody (up to 2 metres in depth) when inundated cyclically, intermittently or permanently with fresh, brackish or salt water, and where the inundation determines the type and productivity of the soils and the plant and animal communities, or
(b)  artificial wetland, including marshes, swamps, wet meadows, sedgelands or wet heathlands that form a shallow waterbody (up to 2 metres in depth) when inundated cyclically, intermittently or permanently with water, and are constructed and vegetated with wetland plant communities.
Wetlands Map means the Cowra Local Environmental Plan 2012 Wetlands Map.
wharf or boating facilities means a wharf or any of the following facilities associated with a wharf or boating that are not port facilities—
(a)  facilities for the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers onto or from any vessels, including public ferry wharves,
(b)  facilities for the loading or unloading of freight onto or from vessels and associated receival, land transport and storage facilities,
(c)  wharves for commercial fishing operations,
(d)  refuelling, launching, berthing, mooring, storage or maintenance facilities for any vessel,
(e)  sea walls or training walls,
(f)  administration buildings, communication, security and power supply facilities, roads, rail lines, pipelines, fencing, lighting or car parks.
wholesale supplies means a building or place used for the display, sale or hire of goods or materials by wholesale only to businesses that have an Australian Business Number registered under the A New Tax System (Australian Business Number) Act 1999 of the Commonwealth.
Dictionary: Am 2015 (168), cl 4 (2); 2019 (468), Sch 1 [11]; 2021 (295), cl 5(2); 2021 (225), Sch 1.
Maps: Am 2015 (168), cl 4 (2); 2017 (144), cl 4; 2019 (468), cl 4; 2020 (223), cl 4; 2021 (295), cl 4. Entries discontinued from July 2021 when responsibility for map updates moved to Department of Planning, Industry and Environment.